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Inhibition of transport of a bose-einstein condensate in a random potential

Retter, J. A., Varón, A. F., Clément, D., Hugbart, M., Bouyer, P., Sanchez-Palencia, L., D. Gangardt, Shlyapnikov, G. V., Aspect, A.

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We observe the suppression of the 1D transport of an interacting elongated Bose-Einstein condensate in a random potential with a standard deviation small compared to the typical energy per atom, dominated by the interaction energy. Numerical solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation reproduce well our observations. We propose a scenario for disorder-induced trapping of the condensate in agreement with our observations1.

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We observe the suppression of the 1D transport of an interacting elongated Bose-Einstein condensate in a random potential with a standard deviation small compared to the typical energy per atom, dominated by the interaction energy. Numerical solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation reproduce well our observations. We propose a scenario for disorder-induced trapping of the condensate in agreement with our observations1.
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We theoretically investigate the localization of an expanding Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with repulsive atom–atom interactions in a disordered potential. We focus on the regime where the initial inter-atomic interactions dominate over the kinetic energy and the disorder. At equilibrium in a trapping potential and for the considered small disorder, the condensate shows a Thomas–Fermi shape modified by the disorder. When the condensate is released from the trap, a strong suppression of the expansion is obtained in contrast to the situation in a periodic potential with similar characteristics. This effect crucially depends on both the momentum distribution of the expanding BEC and the strength of the disorder. For strong disorder as in the experiments reported by Clément et al 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 170409 and Fort et al 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 170410, the suppression of the expansion results from the fragmentation of the core of the condensate and from classical reflections from large modulations of the disordered potential in the tails of the condensate. We identify the corresponding disorder-induced trapping scenario for which large atom–atom interactions and strong reflections from single modulations of the disordered potential play central roles. For weak disorder, the suppression of the expansion signals the onset of Anderson localization, which is due to multiple scattering from the modulations of the disordered potential. We compute analytically the localized density profile of the condensate and show that the localization crucially depends on the correlation function of the disorder. In particular, for speckle potentials the long-range correlations induce an effective mobility edge in 1D finite systems. Numerical calculations performed in the mean-field approximation support our analysis for both strong and weak disorder.
We present a detailed analysis of the 1D expansion of a coherent interacting matterwave (a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC)) in the presence of disorder. A 1D random potential is created via laser speckle patterns. It is carefully calibrated and the self-averaging properties of our experimental system are discussed. We observe the suppression of the transport of the BEC in the random potential. We discuss the scenario of disorder-induced trapping taking into account the radial extension in our experimental 3D BEC and we compare our experimental results with the theoretical predictions.
In this paper, we study the stationary and dynamical properties of three-dimensional trapped Bose–Einstein condensates with attractive interactions subjected to a random potential. To this end, a variational method is applied to solve the underlying Gross–Pitaevskii equation. We derive analytical predictions for the energy, the equilibrium width, and evolution laws of the condensate parameter. The breathing mode oscillations’ frequency of the condensate has been also calculated in terms of the gas and disorder parameters. We analyze in addition the dynamics of collapse from the Gaussian approximation. Surprisingly, we find that the intriguing interplay of the attractive interaction and disorder effects leads to prevent collapse of the condensate.