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Applied Optics

Interference-Based Nonlinear Optical Tweezers with Capacity Scaling and Axial Positioning for Neutral Atom Arrays

Anh Tuan Nguyen, Nam Le, Thang Nguyen

Published Oct 27, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1364/ao.609337

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Schrödinger cat states - quantum superpositions of classically or macroscopically distinct states - constitute a powerful resource for quantum computing, enhanced metrology, and probing coherence on large scales. Encoding such states in the phase space of an oscillator requires a nonlinearity, typically inherited from an auxiliary degree of freedom such as atomic spin or a Josephson junction. Neutral atoms trapped in reconfigurable optical tweezer arrays - a leading platform for quantum science and computing - provide an intrinsic nonlinearity via the motion of a single atom in a tightly focused trap. However, this self-Kerr mechanism has not previously been exploited for cat-state generation, and remains largely unexplored as a resource for motional-state control. Here we realize Schrödinger cat states in the quantized motion of a single neutral atom trapped in an optical tweezer. By modulating the depth and position, we demonstrate parity control of both Kerr-cat and Fock states alongside tunable nonlinearity, establishing a spin- and species-independent framework for controlling motion. We further show that the cat-state encoding is intrinsically robust against trap-frequency fluctuations that otherwise limit the fidelity of direct Fock-state transitions. These results establish Kerr-based control of neutral-atom motion as a new paradigm for cat-state and bosonic-state engineering in optical tweezers, providing a route toward quantum-error-correcting codes such as grid states, and toward quantum-enhanced sensing with arrays of non-Gaussian states.
In this talk, I will discuss our pathway toward quantum simulations and computation with neutral atoms in arrays of optical tweezers cooled to their motional ground state. Initially, I will talk about two-atom interference experiments, e.g. the atomic analog to the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect, and how we create spin entangled states. I will then talk about how we scale our system to accommodate 80 single atoms, loaded into 100 traps while maintaining full single-atom control. For this efficient loading process, we control atomic collisions in the tweezers using grey molasses. When combined with ground-state cooling and atom-rearranging, this should allow us to form a micro-BEC with controlled atom number and entropy.
Optical tweezer arrays of neutral atoms have been demonstrated in recent years to be a useful platform for quantum simulation, computation, and metrology. Realizing the full potential of these applications requires increasing qubit numbers while simultaneously maintaining high-fidelity control, which has proved a major challenge across quantum platforms. To date, quantum science experiments have typically been operated with at most hundreds of qubits. In this thesis, we review the relevant physics of the optical tweezer array architecture and present the technical advances involved in scaling the platform to 6,100 atomic qubits. In tandem with scalability, we demonstrate robust vacuum design, state-of-the-art coherence times, and high single-qubit gate fidelities. To capitalize on the intrinsic connectivity of the architecture at large scale, we investigate long-distance coherent atom transport and briefly describe progress towards two-qubit gate implementation. Finally, we discuss the prospects for scaling the optical tweezer array platform further by an order of magnitude.