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APS Open Science

Examination of classical simulations for Heisenberg-Langevin equations for spin-1/2

Scott D. Linz, Jochen Gemmer B

Published Oct 19, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Data set for the paper "Examination of classical simulations for Heisenberg-Langevin equations for spin-1/2"
DOI
10.1103/sx3r-jrcq

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A system of spins coupled to a bath is a traditional setup in open quantum systems. Through Heisenberg's equation, the spin dynamics can be modeled by a set of first-order differential equations. Interpreting the terms as colored noise and non-Markovian damping, one can write them as quantummechanical Heisenberg-Langevin (HL) equations. These are notoriously difficult to solve because of the high dimensionality of the Hilbert space. Classical generalized Langevin equations, involving non-Markovian damping and colored noise, are well understood and can be treated numerically with relative ease. Thus, a classical ansatz can be made by substituting quantum expectation values with classical functions. This allows the application of standard methods developed for classical stochastic dynamical systems to tackle spin dynamics. However, this approach is uncontrolled and should be benchmarked against known quantum dynamics. In this investigation, a Hamiltonian for spin dynamics is modified to obtain a setup analogous to the Weisskopf-Wigner (WW) theory of spontaneous emission, enabling a comparison of the results. This will be compared for T = 0 and with a slight adaptation in the high-temperature limit.
An operational method is presented that can avoid some of the difficulties associated with numerically simulating the Langevin operator equations for a dissipative quantum optical system. The approach is based on a set of quantum-classical correspondence rules that relate atomic operators in the Heisenberg picture to their corresponding double-dimensioned classical atomic variables. With this approach, the Langevin operator equations can be transformed into a doubled set of classical stochastic differential equations (SDE's). The relationship to the quantum regression theory up to the two-time correlation function and similarities to the positive P representation are discussed. As an illustrative example, we show that both the resonance fluorescence spectrum (Mollow spectrum) as well as the absorption spectrum for a two-level atom interacting with a near-resonance field can be simulated from the doubled set of classical SDE's without explicit reference to the quantum regression theorem.
Abstract We employ a microscopic quantum Heisenberg‐Langevin equation approach to establish a set of quantum Bloch equations for a two‐level system (coupled quantum dots) capacitively coupled to a quantum point contact (QPC). The resulting Bloch equations facilitate our analysis of qubit relaxation and decoherence in coupled quantum dots induced by measurement processes at arbitrary bias‐voltage and temperature. We also examine the noise spectrum of the meter output current for a symmetric qubit. These results help resolve a recent debate about a quantum oscillation peak in the noise spectrum. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)