The incompatibility between General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics necessitates a reevaluation of spacetime ontology. This paper proposes a Discrete Dynamic Ledger (DDL) model, defining time as a sequence of discrete state-nodes within a directed acyclic graph. Based on Wheeler’s delayed-choice experiment, we argue that historical states lack absolute determinacy until retroactively fixed by present observations, and predictions based on past states are merely decohered "abandoned futures." We introduce "Local Causal Closure": entangled particles and the observer's physical operation share a single topological node in the fundamental ledger. Through partial trace and quantum channel formulations, it is demonstrated that this synchronization requires no superluminal signaling. The observer is strictly defined by the macroscopic irreversible physical entanglement (Lindblad decoherence) formed by the unification of decision and action, independent of consciousness. Integrating the Holographic Principle and the ER=EPR conjecture, a modified interference phase formula is derived at the Planck scale. Overwritten histories are shown to transform into a "Static Information Ground State"—an eternal stillness (Ataraxia) that preserves information without energy inflation.
The incompatibility between General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics necessitates a reevaluation of spacetime ontology. This paper proposes a Discrete Dynamic Ledger (DDL) model, defining time as a sequence of discrete state-nodes within a directed acyclic graph. Based on Wheeler’s delayed-choice experiment, we argue that historical states lack absolute determinacy until retroactively fixed by present observations, and predictions based on past states are merely decohered "abandoned futures." We introduce "Local Causal Closure": entangled particles and the observer's physical operation share a single topological node in the fundamental ledger. Through partial trace and quantum channel formulations, it is demonstrated that this synchronization requires no superluminal signaling. The observer is strictly defined by the macroscopic irreversible physical entanglement (Lindblad decoherence) formed by the unification of decision and action, independent of consciousness. Integrating the Holographic Principle and the ER=EPR conjecture, a modified interference phase formula is derived at the Planck scale. Overwritten histories are shown to transform into a "Static Information Ground State"—an eternal stillness (Ataraxia) that preserves information without energy inflation.
The conceptual difficulties of Quantum Mechanics—manifesting as paradoxes of locality, causality, and realism—arise from the fundamental assumption that spacetime is a contin- uous, metric geometry. We propose an alternative framework: The Quantum Loom, which models the vacuum as a discrete, incompressible superfluid network of Planck-scale nodes. By integrating the ER=EPR conjecture with Superfluid Vacuum Theory, we demonstrate that ”Metric Locality” is an emergent approximation, while fundamental reality is governed by ”Topological Connectivity.” In this paper, we apply this framework to resolve eight major foundational paradoxes. We show that ”Temporal Paradoxes” (Wheeler’s Delayed Choice, Quantum Eraser) are re- solved by viewing entanglement as global tension on a closed topological circuit. ”Interaction Paradoxes” (Hardy, Elitzur-Vaidman, Klein) are explained by the non-local interaction of strain fields and dielectric breakdown of the vacuum lattice. Finally, ”Observer Paradoxes” (Wigner’s Friend, Quantum Zeno, and Schr¨odinger’s Cat) are demystified as phase transi- tions: macroscopic superposition is strictly limited by the Topological Jamming density of the network, forcing massive systems to ”flash freeze” into definite states. This model recov- ers objective realism without abandoning non-locality, suggesting that the ”spooky” features of quantum mechanics are simply the hydrodynamics of a pre-stressed vacuum web.
Context: This manuscript serves as the foundational ontology paper for the Directed Acyclic Graph Interpretation (DAGI) research program at Whytics. Abstract: Quantum mechanics is remarkably successful in predicting experimental outcomes, yet it remains conceptually challenging: the status of the wavefunction, the meaning of "measurement", and the origin of the arrow of time are still debated. We propose an interpretation grounded in information theory and graph theory, representing quantum histories as a single Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) of informational states. In this model, nodes represent quantum informational states (density operators) and directed edges represent physical interactions that update those states. Branching occurs precisely when an interaction creates a durable, distinguishable record that cannot be coherently erased at the relevant scale; decoherence corresponds to record proliferation into the environment; and quantum erasure corresponds to coherent record removal that can re-enable interference by merging previously distinguishable histories. Furthermore, we prove a Kolmogorov Consistency Theorem for finite-amplitude DAGs, guaranteeing that the framework yields a coherent probability measure on the decohered quotient graph and exactly recovers unitary Schrödinger evolution in the non-branching limit. We show how this ontology resolves standard quantum paradoxes without introducing ambiguous collapse postulates or an ontological multiplication of worlds, and we outline auxiliary operational predictions motivated by the model. In particular, DAGI motivates an "informational time dilation" program: an operational clock's inferred progress decreases with the rate of irreversible record creation under schedule-matched controls, and increases toward baseline when records are coherently erased. We additionally report initial IBM Quantum hardware results from the C1-LC program regarding light-cone transport, motivating a refined conformal hypothesis for how time and causal structure emerge from record density. Key Highlights: Novel Ontology: Replaces the ontological extravagance of the Many-Worlds Interpretation with a single, strictly causal DAG of informational records. Mathematical Rigor: Provides a mathematically rigorous Kolmogorov Consistency Theorem for finite-prefix cylinder sets, resolving standard measure-theoretic pathologies in history-based interpretations. Paradox Resolution: Resolves Wigner's Friend, Delayed Choice, and Schrödinger's Cat paradoxes through an explicit mathematical graph-refinement logic. Hardware Testability: Formulates the theoretical foundation for operational time dilation and causal-cone transport limits actively being benchmarked on IBM superconducting quantum processors.
Starting from the discrete spacetime structure predicted by loop quantum gravity (LQG), this paper constructs a universal model of quantum-dot information storage and systematically explores its logical correlation with time travel. We first formulate the discreteness of spacetime at the Planck scale and argue that the discrete spectra of geometric operators (area and volume) provide a natural quantized substrate for information storage. Crucially, we do not assert a direct physical isomorphism between Planck-scale spacetime quanta and mesoscopic quantum-dot spin states—a gap of roughly 26 orders of magnitude. Instead, using renormalization-group (RG) ideas and scale invariance, we reframe the link as a topological isomorphism of information structure and, operationally, as a quantum simulation: a quantum-dot array is a laboratory simulator of the discrete-spacetime information network rather than a physical counterpart of Planck-scale atoms. To address the causal paradoxes of closed timelike curves (CTCs), we propose a quantum-information self-consistency principle and connect it to Deutsch’s D-CTC model (1991; density-matrix fixed point) and the Lloyd et al. P-CTC model (2011; post-selected CTCs). We argue that spacetime discreteness supplies a natural ultraviolet cutoff which, together with non-local (entanglement-based) storage in the dot network, dissolves the grandfather paradox at the level of information. The metaphysical “isomorphism claim” is sharpened into a falsifiable “same-universality-class” hypothesis, accompanied by concrete criteria (entanglement-entropy scaling, power-law exponents, topological entanglement entropy). The proposed quantum-dot loop experiment is clarified as a quantum simulation of the information-propagation logic of CTCs, in the same paradigm as the Sycamore traversable-wormhole experiment (Jafferis et al., 2022), and is not a realization of macroscopic time travel. Building on the above, this paper advances two core theoretical constructs, each developed in a dedicated chapter. The first is the quantum-dot information-extension model (Chapter 8): the existence of a piece of spacetime information is identified with the existence of a timelike information world-tube—when information is created at an event, the quantum point carrying it extends along a timelike direction into a world-tube that persists until the information is erased. From this picture we derive a conservation law for the active quantum-point number density, a holographic–persistence capacity bound for the world-tube cross-section, and the thermodynamic costs of information creation, persistence, and annihilation. The second is the information dynamics of time travel (Chapter 9): within the world-tube language, two self-consistent routes for returning to the past are proposed—jumping to a parallel branch universe that already possesses a time machine (memory fully retained), or rewinding along one's own world-tube so that the extended quantum point recedes and annihilates at its initial event (entailing invalidation of downstream information, merging of the future and past operators' information, and the impossibility of retaining future memory). The two routes correspond respectively to cross-branch and same-branch fixed points of the causal-consistency functional. We emphasize that the pictures of Chapters 8 and 9 are theoretical hypotheses and conjectures proposed herein, intended to provide a mathematically self-consistent and in-principle falsifiable analytical framework rather than a claim about the physical realizability of time machines.
Traditional physics and classical intuition rely heavily on the concept of unilateral, linear causality, in which causes strictly precede their effects in time. However, deep conceptual challenges arising from quantum mechanics, general relativity, and modern theories of quantum gravity indicate severe limitations of this one-way temporal causal chain at the fundamental level. This paper proposes an alternative physical paradigm: causality is not a localized process evolving unidirectionally along a fixed time axis, but rather a synchronic network jointly determined by the holistic physical structure, global boundary conditions, and topological-geometric features of the system. By analyzing delayed-choice experiments, quantum entanglement, action principles in classical and quantum field theories, and closed timelike curves in general relativity, we formulate a mathematical framework for "holistic structural causality" that operates independently of a unidirectional arrow of time. This framework demonstrates that the forward flow of time is merely an emergent thermodynamic property at the macroscopic scale. At the fundamental level, global phase-space constraints dictate the co-existence and mutual relations of events. This paradigm offers new perspectives for resolving the quantum measurement problem and the time-symmetry paradox, while unlocking valuable theoretical potential for modern cosmology and quantum gravity.
We extend the Informational Gravity framework (Papers I-II) to quantum mechanics. Papers I and II established the nodes of the causal network (informationally bound energy) and defined their spatial relationships through bidirectional causal connectivity. This paper identifies the connections: massless interactions as timeless field potentials that link nodes without temporal extension. This identification yields a taxonomy of physical relationships - causal connections, entanglement, and the absence of connection - that proposes to reframe the EPR paradox without invoking nonlocality, accommodates Bell inequality violations within its ontological categories, provides an account of delayed choice experiments, and aims to dissolve the measurement problem by proposing that every interaction between a timeless connection and a time-bound system (any system with mass and proper time) constitutes a projection - removing the need for a special category of "measurement." An independent result - that finite informational capacity of a discrete network grounds a structural reading of the uncertainty principle - connects quantum indeterminacy to the framework's foundational structure. The framework does not modify quantum mechanics but offers an interpretive ontology in which its features become natural consequences of a causal network rather than irreducible axioms. We argue that this ontology renders the Many Worlds interpretation unnecessary.
Abstract We advance the Information Boundary Principle (IBP): an event becomes irreversible when its informational content is recorded or irreversibly entangled with the environment, thereby fixing it within globally consistent boundary conditions across spacetime. In delayed‑choice quantum eraser experiments, correlations appear to allow future measurements to determine past behavior. We argue these results reveal a boundary‑value structure of quantum reality: histories are selected to satisfy both initial and final constraints, with inconsistency forbidden by the information boundary. We formalize the IBP using density‑matrix dynamics, decoherence, mutual information, and the Englert duality relation, derive observational consequences for eraser‑type experiments, and outline empirical tests capable of discriminating our view from competing interpretations. While fully consistent with special and general relativity, the IBP imposes an additional global constraint on their solution space. Einstein’s equations admit mathematically valid but unphysical spacetimes—tachyonic world‑lines, closed timelike curves, traversable wormholes sustained by exotic matter, and naked singularities. As energy conditions, quantum stability, and Hawking’s chronology‑protection principle already restrict many such solutions, the IBP further filters the admissible set by excluding any geometry that cannot maintain coherent, non‑contradictory informational records. Thus the IBP acts as an information‑theoretic selection rule layered over, not against, relativity’s geometry. Keywords: delayed choice; quantum eraser; decoherence; mutual information; causality; two‑state vector; information theory; relativity.