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Optics Letters

Physical Layer Encryption for Coherent PDM System Based on Optical Domain Polarization Perturbation

Zeyu Xu, Xianfeng Tang, Shunan Xu, anqi pang, Xiaoguang Zhang

Published Oct 26, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1364/ol.614773

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Fiber & Integrated Optics•Apr 18, 2025•0 citations
In this paper, a security enhanced physical layer encryption scheme is proposed for coherent optical polarization division multiplexing (PDM) systems. The concept of a digital optical polarization scrambler (DOPS) is introduced to apply high speed rotation of state of polarization (RSOP) to the transmitted signal, which enables encryption based on polarization perturbations and offers superior flexibility in polarization management. By utilizing different combinations of digital polarization device matrices and adjusting their key parameters, four encryption modes are designed. The proposed encryption scheme is successfully implemented in a PDM-QPSK system at the data rate of 32 Gbps. Experimental results demonstrate that authorized users can successfully decrypt the received signal, while the eavesdroppers cannot derive useful information with a bit error rate (BER) at approximately 0.5. To enhance system security, a 5-D chaotic system is introduced with superior properties of high sensitivity to initial values and improved uniform distribution, which guarantees the large entropy and further the system’s security. This scheme can effectively prevent against brute attacks with the expanded key space of 10 60 .
In this paper, we propose an optical physical layer encryption method to encrypt the signal of polarization division multiplexing (PDM) coherent optical communication system by introducing an artificially controlled fast rotation of the state of polarization (RSOP) into the signal. Simulations conducted in a 40 Gbps PDM-QPSK system show that the authorized user can successfully decrypt the received signal, while the eavesdroppers cannot derive useful information with bit error rates (BER) at 0.38~0.48, which shows that the method effectively improves the security of the system.
Abstract—The paper proposes an optical physical layer encryption scheme based on the combination of similar rotation of the state of polarization (SRSOP) and a six-dimensional (6-D) hyperchaotic system. By introducing similar polarization state rotation to disturb vector data at the transmitting end, the security of optical transmission systems can be effectively enhanced In addition, the data perturbation of polarization state rotation, combined with the 6D hyperchaotic system with unpredictability and sensitivity, can extend the key space of the encryption scheme to 10180, making it resistant to brute force attacks. The encryption process of this scheme is as follows: Firstly, the chaotic sequences generated by the 6D hyperchaotic system were used to encrypt various parameters in the polarization encryption matrix, and then these parameters were used to generate the corresponding polarization encryption matrix. Finally, the encryption matrix was used to perturb the data to be sent. The scheme was successfully tested on a polarization division multiplexing (PDM)-QPSK system at a rate of 112 Gbps. The results indicate that authorized users can correctly decrypt the encrypted information, while unauthorized users can only obtain useful information with a bit error rate (BER) of approximately 0.5, verifying the effectiveness and security of the encryption scheme.