Abstract Amongst brain structures, we identified a virtual void at the juxta– and paranode, within the intraperiod myelin layers, V IMI , as potential candidate for quantum near-ideal topological insulation. The insulation was extensively weighed here according to current findings. Values of biological and physical boundaries must be exact and a single missing/inexact element defining the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, cytology, histology, and nano, leads to inaccurate boundaries/quantum equations of the myelin system. We determined the threshold of quantum coherence to decoherence. A propagating internodal electromagnetic interaction through the V IMI void can be represented via Hamiltonian and entanglement. We tested three potential mechanisms for ion K + data storage. 1. Quantum tunneling through a dielectric, i.e . single myelin layer. 2. Quantum tunneling through squeezing void, V IMI . The action potential is accompanied by mechanical axonal waves and myelin layers compression. Compression reduces the WKB action, and exponentially increases in transmission-tunneling probability. Resonance tunneling may add orders-of-magnitude boosts. 3. Classical squeezing passage. Quantum coherence, tunneling (1) and (2) are theoretically valid and testable, (1) at highly restricted parameter threshold. Unlike quantum tunneling, classical physic passage does not allow fine voltage-controlled metering, sorting, organizing the data storage, later rendering the retrieving impossible.
Abstract Amongst brain structures, we identified a virtual void at the juxta– and paranode, within the intraperiod myelin layers, V IMI , as potential candidate for quantum near-ideal topological insulation. The insulation was extensively weighed here according to current findings. Values of biological and physical boundaries must be exact and a single missing/inexact element defining the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, cytology, histology, and nano, leads to inaccurate boundaries/quantum equations of the myelin system. We determined the threshold of quantum coherence to decoherence. A propagating internodal electromagnetic interaction through the V IMI void can be represented via Hamiltonian and entanglement. We tested three potential mechanisms for ion K + data storage. 1. Quantum tunneling through a dielectric, i.e . single myelin layer. 2. Quantum tunneling through squeezing void, V IMI . The action potential is accompanied by mechanical axonal waves and myelin layers compression. Compression reduces the WKB action, and exponentially increases in transmission-tunneling probability. Resonance tunneling may add orders-of-magnitude boosts. 3. Classical squeezing passage. Quantum coherence, tunneling (1) and (2) are theoretically valid and testable, (1) at highly restricted parameter threshold. Unlike quantum tunneling, classical physic passage does not allow fine voltage-controlled metering, sorting, organizing the data storage, later rendering the retrieving impossible.
A general definition of quantum coherence is developed from analysis of superposition, entanglement, chemical bonding behavior, and basic phenomena of classical mechanics. Various properties of atoms can be better explained if these particles are matter waves that embody a spectrum ranging from relatively coherent to decoherent states. It is demonstrated that quantum coherence so defined can comprehensively explain signal transmission in neurons and dynamics of the brain’s emergent electric field, including potential support for the claim that conscious volition is to some degree real rather than an illusion. Recent research in a physiological context suggests that electromagnetic radiation interacts with molecular structure to comprise integrated energy fields. A mechanism is proposed by which quantum coherence as accelerating electric currents in neurons may result in a broadened spectrum of electromagnetic radiation capable of interacting with molecular complexes in the brain and perhaps elsewhere in an organism to influence vibrational and structural properties. Research should investigate whether a consequent energy field is the basic perceptual substrate, with at least some additive electromagnetic wavelengths of this field involved in generating image percepts insofar as they arise from the body, and electromagnetic vibrations the signature of a more diverse phenomenon by which somewhat nondimensional features of perception such as sound, touch, taste, smell, interoceptive sensations, etc. partially arise. If examination of the brain reveals this organ to be composed of a coherence field, structured at least in part by broadened spectrums of EM radiation interacting with molecular components, this has major implications for furthering our model of the matter/mind interface and possibly physical reality in total.
The tantalizing hypothesis that quantum phenomena underpin the brain’s remarkable computational abilities has sparked intense interdisciplinary interest. This study delves into quantum neuroscience by computationally exploring quantum coherence in neural systems, aiming to uncover whether quantum effects enhance information processing. We developed a sophisticated model simulating a 1,000-qubit neural network, with each qubit representing a neuron entangled under biologically relevant conditions (310 K, 0.15 µs coherence time). Using IBM’s Qiskit framework, we tested signal propagation efficiency, latency, and coherence duration across four conditions: quantum models with full, moderate, and high decoherence, and a classical benchmark. Our results reveal a striking 19.4% improvement in signal propagation efficiency in the full-coherence quantum model (95.8% ± 2.9%) compared to the classical model (76.4% ± 5.1%; p < 0.001). Latency was reduced by 31%, with the quantum model achieving 0.68 µs versus 0.98 µs for the classical model. Coherence persisted for up to 1.5 µs, sufficient for short-range neural signaling. Extensive sensitivity analyses, varying temperature (300–325 K), noise (0.01–0.12 µs^-1), and network size (500–1,500 qubits), confirmed robustness, with efficiency remaining above 90% under moderate perturbations. These findings suggest quantum coherence could complement classical neural mechanisms, potentially enhancing processes like sensory integration or consciousness. However, biological complexity, including biochemical interactions, warrants further exploration. We advocate for experimental validation using advanced quantum sensors, such as nitrogen-vacancy centers, to detect coherence in neural tissue. This study bridges quantum physics and neuroscience, offering a robust computational framework to probe the brain’s quantum potential and inspiring future interdisciplinary research into cognition’s mechanistic underpinnings.
A study published on bioRxiv precisely simulated guided mode propagation through the myelin sheath waveguide structure of brain neurons containing multiple nodes of Ranvier. The analysis results confirmed that the polarization information of light is highly preserved even while passing through multiple nodes, and the transmission loss occurring when passing through the nodes remains at the level of simple exponentiated transmission (multiplicative). By demonstrating that photon polarization, which is the core of quantum information encoding, is transmitted without loss, it presents disruptive evidence proving that the implementation of long-distance quantum communication and quantum entanglement mediated by biophotons within the living brain white matter network is physically possible. [Quantum Biology Society] Recently, the hypothesis that the myelin sheath of brain white matter wrapping the axons of neurons can act as an optical fiber (waveguide) guiding light based on its high refractive index has received significant attention from the scientific community. However, it has not been clearly known whether the polarization information of light can be fully preserved when passing through multiple nodes of Ranvier, which are discontinuous structures broken intermittently along the myelin sheath. The paper titled "Optical polarization evolution and transmission in multi-Ranvier-node axonal myelin-sheath waveguides," published on the preprint repository bioRxiv, successfully elucidated this long-standing question through precise simulations. A research team including Emily Frede, Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi, and Professor Christoph Simon from the Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Institute for Quantum Science and Technology at the University of Calgary in Canada spearheaded this innovative study. ■ Multiple Nodes of Ranvier and Guided Mode Propagation of Light To analyze how light moves inside the myelin sheath waveguide structure, the research team performed guided mode propagation simulations in an environment containing multiple nodes of Ranvier. Previously, concerns had been continuously raised that physical disconnection sections like nodes could induce light scattering and distort signals, making it difficult for in vivo waveguides to transmit meaningful optical information over long distances. ■ Highly Preserved Polarization Information and Low Transmission Loss The simulation results surpassed existing limitations. It was confirmed that the polarization state harbored by the light is highly and stably preserved even in the harsh environment where light consecutively passes through multiple nodes. Furthermore, the optical transmission loss occurring each time it passes through a node does not deteriorate exponentially but remains at a simple exponentiated transmission level. This proves that the myelin sheath is an excellent optical waveguide capable of highly effectively maintaining and transmitting light containing information. ■ Physical Possibility of In Vivo Long-Distance Quantum Communication The polarization state of a photon is an essential physical property for encoding quantum information and implementing entanglement in the microscopic world. As this study demonstrates that the myelin sheath can transmit photon polarization over long distances without loss, it leads to the disruptive conclusion that long-distance quantum communication and quantum entanglement mediated by biophotons are physically and perfectly possible inside the living brain's white matter network. This is evaluated as one of the most advanced biophysical pieces of evidence showing that the human brain can operate as a massive biological quantum network composed of proteins and neural networks. #MyelinSheathWaveguide #MultipleNodesOfRanvier #Biophotons #OpticalPolarization #PolarizationPreservation #QuantumInformation #QuantumEntanglement #LongDistanceQuantumCommunication #BrainWhiteMatterNetwork #KoreanSocietyOfQuantumBiology https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.00174
Understanding how cognition emerges from collective neural activity remains a fundamental challenge in neuroscience. While conventional models rely on classical neural interactions, quantum theory suggests biological information processing may also involve quantum phenomena. This study develops a quantum biophysical framework to model neural dynamics and explore the quantum emergence of cognition. Beginning with a single-neuron model characterized by quantum superposition and coherence, the framework scales to interacting neural populations using quantum entanglement and a neural-network Hamiltonian. We incorporate environmental decoherence via the Lindblad master equation, while modeling large-scale coordination through Kuramoto synchronization dynamics. To quantify these dynamics, a candidate Emergent Cognition Index (ECI) was computationally formulated and evaluated, integrating superposition, coherence, entanglement, and synchronization. Numerical simulations of 100 interacting neurons demonstrated that environmental decoherence reduces superposition and coherence over time, whereas entanglement and synchronization increase with stronger neural interactions. Analysis of the neural-network Hamiltonian showed progressing collective organization through elevated interaction energy. Phase-transition modeling revealed a continuous shift from a quantum-coherent state to a classical neural state under increasing decoherence. Within the simulation, the candidate cognition index peaked near the critical regime where quantum coherence, entanglement, and synchronization coexist. These findings suggest cognition can be interpreted as an emergent phenomenon arising from the interplay among quantum coherence, entanglement, neural interactions, synchronization, and decoherence. While the proposed index serves as a theoretical construct, the framework provides testable predictions and a foundational bridge between physics and neuroscience for future experimental validation
Recent discussions of photon propagation and biphoton generation in myelinated axons motivate a cautious and testable question: can axonal photonic coherence be represented by a low-parameter phase-memory model without invoking unsupported claims about consciousness, gravity, or fundamental spacetime structure? This manuscript reformulates an earlier Helix-Light-Vortex (HLV)-motivated note into a conservative effective model. Myelinated axons are treated as lossy cylindrical dielectric waveguides supporting guided or quasi-guided electromagnetic modes over finite coherence lengths. Biphoton or biophotonic coherence is represented through first-order and second-order optical correlation functions and a causal phase-memory coordinate. The Spiral-Time/phase-memory layer is used only as a phenomenological diagnostic coordinate for non-Markovian phase drift and dephasing, not as a replacement for quantum optics, electrodynamics, neurobiology, or general relativity. A minimal numerical proof-of-concept is added: stochastic phase trajectories are simulated under a Markovian baseline and a causal memory model. The demonstration shows that a memory term can produce distinguishable coherence-decay, local-rate, phase-variance, and windowed instability signatures under controlled conditions. The simulation is not a biological validation. It only establishes that the proposed observable pipeline can distinguish memory-augmented dynamics from a matched memoryless baseline. The resulting framework is falsifiable: it fails if phase-memory observables do not outperform Markovian dephasing or standard waveguide baselines under matched experimental conditions.
• A study published on arXiv proposes a model-agnostic, information-theoretic test to detect nonclassicality within the information processing structure of neural representations, bypassing microscopic molecular assumptions. • Utilizing autoencoders as a transparent model system, researchers introduced the first Bell-type consistency test within the "latent space" where data is compressed. • The work opens a new route to verify quantum effects in neural systems by proving that if decoding statistics across multiple readout contexts violate classical probability distributions, quantum-like contextuality must be present. [Quantum Biology Society] Whether the complex information processing in the human brain follows entirely classical physical laws or functionally incorporates quantum mechanical elements remains one of the most debated questions in quantum biology and neuroscience. Conventional quantum brain hypotheses have primarily focused on finding physiological quantum coherence within specific microscopic molecular structures. However, an information-theoretic test has recently been proposed that entirely bypasses these microscopic assumptions to detect quantum-like signatures directly from the structure of neural representations. The paper, titled "Searching for Quantum Effects in the Brain: A Bell-Type Test for Nonclassical Latent Representations in Autoencoders," released on the preprint repository arXiv, presents a breakthrough for this new verification method. Contrary to earlier drafts, this study was developed by an international joint research team including I. K. Kominis and G. P. Tsironis from the University of Crete (Greece), C. Xie and S. Li from Zhejiang University of Science and Technology (China), and M. Skotiniotis from the Universidad de Granada (Spain). ■ A Model-Agnostic Approach Bypassing Microscopic Limits Existing quantum cognition models have often faced criticism regarding the sustainability of quantum states in warm, noisy biological environments. To circumvent these debates, the research team adopted a model-agnostic approach. Instead of analyzing biological hardware at a microscopic level, they sought to identify "nonclassicality" that cannot be explained by classical physics within the software-like representations through which neural networks process information. ■ A Bell-Type Test Introduced to Latent Space To demonstrate this test, the team utilized autoencoders—a type of artificial neural network—as a transparent model system. They introduced a Bell-type consistency test, originally designed to verify entanglement, into the "latent space" where the autoencoder compresses data. This process involves strictly tracking how the network encodes data and then decodes it under various readout "contexts". ■ Proving Quantum Contextuality The analysis showed that if a collection of decoding statistics cannot be jointly explained by a single positive classical latent probability distribution, it confirms the presence of quantum-like "contextuality" within the computational process. This research is regarded as a milestone, providing a completely new physical testing route to experimentally verify nonclassical computational characteristics within neural systems or complex artificial intelligence networks.