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Physical Review A

Self-bound states in one-dimensional atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates

Chao Kong, Jinqing Li, Chunfeng Huang, Zhaopin Chen, Guihua Chen, Haiming Deng, Boris A. Malomed

Published Oct 20, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1103/3fd5-nkxc

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The occurrence of a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate is studied for an atomic system near a zero energy resonance of the binary scattering process, with a large and positive scattering length. The interaction potential is modeled by a pseudo-potential having one bound state. Using a variational Gaussian ansatz for the NNN-body density operator, we discuss the thermodynamic properties at low temperature and the relative stability of the system towards the formation of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. We also derive an approximate Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the molecular condensate leading to the prediction of a Bogoliubov spectrum.
This is a theoretical study of a many-body system of spin-zero atoms and their diatomic bound states (molecules) which form a single Bose-Einstein condensate at zero temperature. The Gross-Pitaevskii approach is used to analyze the equilibrium states and dynamics of this system. It is shown that, depending on the binding energy of the system, the system can exist in two phases: an atom-molecule condensate and a molecular condensate. The basic thermodynamic characteristics and the criteria for their stability are found. Both phases have two branches of collective excitations, one of which is acoustic, while the other has an activation energy.