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International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development (GTSD)

Secrecy Outage Analysis of a Hybrid FSO/RF–UWOC Relay-Assisted Communication System over Gamma–Gamma, Shadowed, and mEGG Fading Channels

Rohit Singh, Ravindra Kumar, Vinay Kumar, Vijay Shanker Tripathi

Published Jul 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/gtsd70918.2026.11722325

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This paper constructs a radio frequency (RF)/free space optical (FSO) system for the hybrid satellite-terrestrial relay network (HSTRN), which applies the decode and forward protocol. The shadowed Rician (SR) and Gamma-Gamma (GG) distribution are used to portray the fading of RF and FSO links. The secrecy outage probability (SOP) of the HSTRN system is calculated in this paper. We deduce the closed-form expression of SOP. Moreover, we investigate the influence of atmospheric turbulence, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of eavesdropping links, and shadowing conditions on the considered system.
In this paper, we study the physical layer secrecy performance of a hybrid satellite and free-space optical (FSO) cooperative system. The satellite links are assumed to follow the shadowed-Rician fading distribution, and the channel of the terrestrial link between the relay and destination is assumed to experience the gamma-gamma fading. For the FSO communications, the effects of different types of detection techniques (i.e., heterodyne detection and intensity modulation with direct detection) as well as the pointing error are considered. We derive exact analytical expressions for the average secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability (SOP) for both cases of amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying. The asymptotic analysis for the SOP is also conducted to provide more insights on the impact of FSO and satellite channels on secrecy performance. It is found that with the AF with fixed gain scheme, the secrecy diversity order of the investigated system is only dependent on the channel characteristics of the FSO link and the FSO detection type, whereas the secrecy diversity is zero when the relay node employs DF or AF with variable-gain schemes.
Free space optical (FSO) communication system is a promising candidate for today's era of intelligent networks for the reason that it has potential advantages such as, high data rates, large bandwidth, non-licensed spectrum, line-of-sight communication and many more. Relay-assisted communication provides an additional boost to system's performance by expanding its capacity, coverage range, enhancing data rates and mitigating the effect of turbulence. In this manuscript, three dual-hop systems are considered i.e., FSO-FSO, radio frequency (RF)-FSO and FSO-RF systems employing decode and forward (DF) relaying protocol. Furthermore, chaotic signals are incorporated in these systems to enhance their confidentiality using differential chaos shift keying (DCSK). This is demonstrated by performing secrecy analysis on the system. Here, it is assumed that RF link experiences Nakagami-m fading while the affect of fading in FSO channel is caused by Gamma-Gamma turbulence along with pointing errors. The average bit error rate (BER) of three proposed systems is analyzed, and the results indicated that the FSO-RF-DCSK system outperformed the other three in terms of performance. Finally, secrecy performance is accomplished using secrecy outage probability (SOP) as a metric for the proposed systems. The findings are noteworthy as FSO-FSO-DCSK system demonstrates superior performance as compared to FSO-RF-DCSK and RF-FSO-DCSK systems in terms of secrecy. As compared to other counterparts, FSO-FSO-DCSK system shows an improvement of more than 10 order of magnitude in terms of signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio.