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Formation of Bose-Einstein condensates

MJ Davis, TM Wright, T Gasenzer, SA Gardiner, Nick P. Proukakis

Published Apr 25, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.25405/ncl.34351350

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We report observations of vortex formation by merging and interfering multiple (87)Rb Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in a confining potential. In this experiment, a single harmonic potential well is partitioned into three sections by a barrier, enabling the simultaneous formation of three independent, uncorrelated BECs. The BECs may either automatically merge together during their growth, or for high-energy barriers, the BECs can be merged together by barrier removal after their formation. Either process may instigate vortex formation in the resulting BEC, depending on the initially indeterminate relative phases of the condensates and the merging rate.
In this chapter,∗ we will analyze strongly nonequilibrium kinetics of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) formation in a weakly interacting Bose gas (WIBG). The process takes place as a result of self-evolution when occupation numbers in the initial state are large enough to ensure finite condensate density upon thermalization. In WIBG, the scenario of BEC formation involves several stages taking place at different wavenumber intervals. The key stages of the ordering process are of classicalfield character and are described by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE), with turbulent initial condition.