Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication technique which uses quantum mechanics to protect communications. To overcome large distances, it requires the use of quantum repeaters, which are still challenging nevertheless feasible, or Twin-Field-QKD (TF-QKD) technology, which has been demonstrated several years ago. As it develops and matures, quantum technology is expected to play an increasingly major role in networks. Satellite QKD enables secure communication between devices via both satellites and ground stations. The study explores the transmission of quantum encryption technology in space and presents an overview of cubesats and satellites that currently use quantum key distribution (QKD) technology.
The article analyzes the main trends in the field of optimization of information transmission processes using quantum methods. It is shown that numerical modeling of satellite optical communication systems is necessary in order to determine the most effective modes and parameters of communication equipment. This article is devoted to the problem of developing a software package for calculating the characteristics of a communication channel between a ground station and an artificial Earth satellite. A detailed description of the basic functions of the developed software package for calculating the characteristics of an Earth-satellite optical communication channel protected by QKD technology is presented. Based on numerical modeling using the developed software package, a comprehensive study of the influence of atmospheric losses, as well as various parameters of the receiving and transmitting equipment of both the ground station and the satellite, is carried out. In particular, when modeling the efficiency of satellite quantum key distribution and an optical communication channel, atmospheric phenomena such as refraction, absorption, aerosol scattering, as well as the parameters of the QKD equipment were taken into account. Modeling revealed the need to take into account many aspects to achieve maximum efficiency of the QKD in real conditions. It is shown that the developed software for flexible modeling of various scenarios for using atmospheric optical communications opens up new opportunities for research and practical application of quantum technologies in the field of information security, which is important for data protection in the face of growing cybersecurity threats. It is shown that the capabilities of the developed software package can contribute to the creation of standardized approaches to assessing and improving quantum key distribution systems.
Quantum communication and information networks offer unprecedented processing efficiency and security for data transfers. Technologies like quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum repeaters, quantum memory, and quantum entanglement sources are enabling technologies that ensure secure communication. QKD methods use quantum physics concepts to establish cryptographic keys, while quantum repeaters compensate for signal loss in fiber optic cables. Quantum memory enables storage and retrieval of quantum information, while quantum entanglement generators generate entangled photon pairs. Artificial intelligence and machine learning have significantly improved the efficacy and security of quantum communication. These methods can facilitate ultra-secure, reliable, large-scale communication and even a future quantum internet by analyzing quantum protocols and mitigating noise-induced errors. QKD protocols ensure secure communication channels, while quantum repeaters establish secure long-distance communication lines by mitigating signal loss. Traditional Internet technology is susceptible to surveillance due to Shannon's information theory and mathematics. The quantum internet (QI) uses satellite-based quantum communication and quantum cryptographic protocols for physical QI. Quantum entanglement sources fortify secure communication protocols, improving resistance to attacks. Quantum information networks (QINs) enhance computing, sensing, and security capabilities over extended distances. The development of reliable, robust communication systems depends on these technologies. Quantum-secured networks enhance urban security, smart management, and infrastructure protection by providing data privacy and facilitating secure data transmission, thereby facilitating robust infrastructure and technological development.