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Physical Review A

Programmable dipolar interaction geometry selecting stripe-family order in a molecular lattice quantum simulator

Chao Zhang

Published Oct 9, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1103/bnrs-vstp

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Programmable dipolar interaction geometry selecting stripe-family order in a molecular lattice quantum simulator

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Programmable dipolar interaction geometry selects stripe-family order in a molecular lattice quantum simulator

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A supersolid combines density order with phase coherence, and doped lattice solids ask whether added defects can become coherent without melting the ordered background. We study a soft-core Bose-Hubbard model with isotropic hopping and an engineered non-axisymmetric dipolar interaction, Vij=V2(xij2−yij2)/rij5+W6/rij6V_{ij}=V_2(x_{ij}^2-y_{ij}^2)/r_{ij}^5+W_6/r_{ij}^6Vij​=V2​(xij2​−yij2​)/rij5​+W6​/rij6​, where the sign-changing dx2−y2d_{x^2-y^2}dx2−y2​ component selects a fixed (q,0)(q,0)(q,0) stripe channel and the W6/r6W_6/r^6W6​/r6 core stabilizes the short-distance attractive branch. Using sign-problem-free quantum Monte Carlo method with worm algorithm, we find that the half-filled stripe parent responds asymmetrically to doping: the hole side forms locked commensurate stripe solids with vanishing superfluid stiffness, whereas the particle side forms a stripe supersolid with finite compressibility κ>0κ>0κ>0, finite superfluid stiffness ρs>0ρ_s>0ρs​>0, and enhanced double occupancy DDD. Keeping the same off-site kernel while increasing U/tU/tU/t toward the hard-core limit shows that the particle-side supersolid disappears once doublon-like defects are projected out. Thus the engineered dipolar kernel selects the fixed (q,0)(q,0)(q,0) stripe channel, while onsite softness selects the phase-coherent defect sector.
Microwave-dressed polar molecules offer a route to lattice quantum simulators in which the angular form of long-range dipolar interactions, not only their overall strength, can be engineered. We study this setting in a minimal hard-core Bose lattice model on a square optical lattice, with particles interacting through a sign-changing non-axisymmetric dipolar tail \mathcal V(\mathbf r)\propto (x^2-y^2)/(x^2+y^2)^{5/2} that is repulsive along one lattice axis and attractive along the other. Using worm-algorithm path-integral quantum Monte Carlo simulations, supported by a hard-core spin mapping and a Gutzwiller soft-mode diagnostic, we find two regimes controlled by t/V: at larger t/V the system remains superfluid but develops a pronounced directional stiffness anisotropy, while at smaller t/V it forms a stripe solid selected in the (q,0) axial family, corresponding to real-space stripes parallel to y. The leading ordering wave vector remains in this axial family but reorganizes with filling, showing that the robust ordered object is a family of stripe states rather than one fixed commensurate Bragg peak. Near the closure of the stripe lobe, averaged observables can mimic a narrow supersolid signal; measurement-resolved stripe structure-factor histograms instead reveal first-order switching between superfluid and stripe-solid sectors. NaCs lattice estimates place the relevant V/t window within reach of modest effective dressed dipole moments, linking the predicted stripe-family order and its experimental diagnostics to accessible molecular quantum-simulation scales.