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Physical Review Letters

From coherent to fermionized microwave photons in a superconducting transmission line

Alberto Tabarelli de Fatis, Stephanie Matern, Gianluca Rastelli, Iacopo Carusotto

Published Oct 9, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1103/g262-dlhf

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We investigate superconducting transmission lines as a novel platform for realizing a quantum fluid of microwave photons in a propagating geometry. We predict that the strong photon-photon interactions provided by the intrinsic nonlinearity of Josephson junctions are sufficient to enter a regime of strongly interacting photons for realistic parameters. A suitable tapering of the transmission line parameters allows for the adiabatic conversion of an incident coherent field into a Tonks-Girardeau gas of fermionized photons close to its ground state. Signatures of the strong correlations are anticipated in the correlation properties of the transmitted light.
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In view of high-speed application of microwave transmission lines the coherent quantum effects in conducting components of transmission lines were considered. When a characteristic coherence length of the electronic wave functions becomes to be comparable with a length of the transmission line, such quantum effects make it necessary to consider the line as a “quantum” transmission line. We discuss a kind of such quantum effects related to the Einstein- Podolsky-Rosen paradox and analyze their influence on the properties of transmission lines and a possibility to increase a speed of signal transmission by using these quantum properties. Brief review of alternatives and phenomena related to the problem of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox is presented. On the example of the magnetic perturbation traveling in a closed superconducting microwave slotline the features of the quantum-mechanical reaction of this completely coherent macroscopic system in response to the local impact excitation of its part is considered. The transient processes are analyzed in the context of the Einstein-Rosen-Podolsky paradox.