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International Journal of Theoretical Physics

Principles and Architectures of Coherent Ising Machines: Optical Networks for Optimization and Quantum Neural Computing

Vahid Esrafilian, Bahram Abedi Ravan, Alireza Javadi, Hamidreza Daniali

Published Oct 3, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10773-026-06497-w

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Coherent Ising machines (CIMs) are an experimentally promising class of physics-based computational architectures that embed hard combinatorial optimization problems into systems of coupled nonlinear optical oscillators. The solution-finding mechanisms employed by CIMs feature complicated dynamical bifurcations occurring on a network scale, posing significant challenges to the development of theory and models for their underlying principles of operation. These difficulties are especially pronounced in the ultra-low-power or quantum regimes where the benefits in computational efficiency over conventional optimization algorithms are expected to be largest. We discuss some of our recent approaches and results at this intersection of dynamical systems theory and quantum model reduction, which have highlighted some potentially useful architectures and applications on the horizon for CIMs.