We present a hypothetical approach to the double-slit problem within the unified field theory (UFT) previously proposed by the author, in which interference and measurement are described without assuming the quantum-mechanical duality of particle and wave. In the UFT, the force is given by F = −H × M2/Mp, where H is the unified energy function. For two photons, H = 0 and the force vanishes (equilibrium). Between a photon and a slit wall, however, Hnon-self ̸= 0 and a finite non-equilibrium force arises. Defining the deflection angle by θ = −H/FPl, where FPl is the Planck force, a photon passing through the slit experiences different 1/r forces from the left and right walls depending on its transverse position, and is dispersed radially. The statistical distribution of θi over many photons may reproduce the interference pattern on the screen. Furthermore, when a detector is placed at the slit, a new non-equilibrium force arises between the photon and the detector, disturbing the radial dispersion and destroying the interference pattern. This is a deterministic picture that explains the disappearance of interference upon measurement without invoking wave- function collapse or the complementarity principle. This paper presents a hypothesis and specifies experimental tests.
We present a hypothetical approach to the double-slit problem within the unified field theory (UFT) previously proposed by the author, in which interference and measurement are described without assuming the quantum-mechanical duality of particle and wave. In the UFT, the force is given by F = −H × M2/Mp, where H is the unified energy function. For two photons, H = 0 and the force vanishes (equilibrium). Between a photon and a slit wall, however, Hnon-self ̸= 0 and a finite non-equilibrium force arises. Defining the deflection angle by θ = −H/FPl, where FPl is the Planck force, a photon passing through the slit experiences different 1/r forces from the left and right walls depending on its transverse position, and is dispersed radially. The statistical distribution of θi over many photons may reproduce the interference pattern on the screen. Furthermore, when a detector is placed at the slit, a new non-equilibrium force arises between the photon and the detector, disturbing the radial dispersion and destroying the interference pattern. This is a deterministic picture that explains the disappearance of interference upon measurement without invoking wave- function collapse or the complementarity principle. This paper presents a hypothesis and specifies experimental tests.
We present a hypothetical approach to the formation of double-slit interference fringes and their disappearance upon measurement within the unified field theory (UFT) previously proposed by the author, without assuming particle–wave duality. In the UFT, the force is given by F = −H ×M2/Mp, where H is the unified energy function. Between a photon and a slit wall, Hnon-self ̸= 0 and a finite non-equilibrium force arises. The deflection angle of the photon is θ = (y + z)MDc2 (r 2 − (y 2 + z 2)) FPl , where M = m − qme/e is the effective mass of the slit wall, y is the projected radius of the slit, z is the photon radius, D is a dimensionless coupling constant, and FPl is the Planck force. First, we estimate the value of D required for interference fringes to form under realistic slit parameters, obtaining D ≳ 1024. Second, we describe the mechanism by which the radial dispersion from the two slits overlaps to produce regions of high and low photon density, i.e., bright and dark fringes. Finally, we show that when a detector is placed at the slit, a new non-equilibrium force arises between the photon and the detector, disturbing the differential force from the left and right walls, so that the radial dispersion is disrupted and the interference pattern disappears. This is a deterministic picture that explains interference and measurement without invoking wave-function collapse or the complementarity principle. This paper presents a hypothesis and specifies experimental tests.
We present a hypothetical approach showing that the unified field theory (UFT) previ- ously proposed by the author may deterministically include quantum theory. In the UFT, the force is given by F = −H × M2/Mp, where H is the unified energy function. Between a photon and a slit wall, Hnon-self ̸= 0, and the deflection angle of the photon is θphoton = (y + z)M1Dc2 (r 2 − (y 2 + z 2)) FPl . For an electron, the self-term does not vanish, and the deflection angle becomes θelectron = (y + z)M1Dc2 (r 2 − (y 2 + z 2)) FPl − 2M2c 2 zFPl , where M1 = mslit − qslitme/e is the effective mass of the slit wall, M2 = 2me is the effective mass of the electron, y is the projected radius of the slit, z is the particle radius, D is a dimensionless coupling constant, and FPl is the Planck force. The overlap of the radial dispersions from the two slits produces regions of high and low particle density, reproducing the interference pattern. Thus, wave nature can be explained as the statistical con- sequence of the non-equilibrium force from the slit walls. Furthermore, from the photon–electron force derived in the Compton scattering preprint, ∆F = − h(ν − ν ′ ) re , ∆t = re c , ∆p = − h(ν − ν ′ ) c , the relation ∆x ∆p ∼ h can be derived, suggesting that the uncertainty principle may also emerge from the non-equilibrium force and interaction time of the UFT. This paper presents the hypothesis that the UFT deterministically includes quantum theory, and specifies experimental tests.
In the unified field theory (UFT), the position of the interference fringes in the double-slit experiment is determined by the self-consistent composition of three elements: deflection by the slit wall, radial dispersion, and deflection by the screen. The deflection angle due to the slit wall is θslit = (y + z)M1Dc2 (r 2 − (y 2 + z 2))FPl , and the deflection angle due to the screen is θscreen = (ys + z)MsDc2 (r 2 s − (y 2 s + z 2))FPl , where M1 = mslit − qslitme/e and Ms = ms − qsme/e are the effective masses of the slit wall and the screen, respectively. The distance to the screen rs depends on the arrival position of the photon, and the arrival position depends on θslit; hence θscreen is a function of θslit. Because of this self-consistency, photons are not all deflected into the same region but are selectively scattered. As a result, a non-uniformity arises in the photon density, forming bright and dark fringes. We present the most falsifiable prediction derived from this picture: changing the material (density) of the slit changes the position of the interference fringes, and changing the density of the screen also changes the position of the interference fringes. In standard quantum theory, neither density affects the position of the interference fringes. This opposition therefore has an ideal falsifiability structure. We present an experimental protocol and propose tests varying material, density, distance, charge, and magnetic field.
We show that, in the unified field theory (UFT) previously proposed by the author, the material dependence of the double slit is the most easily observable and falsifiable prediction. In the UFT, the deflection angle of a particle due to the non-equilibrium force from the slit wall is θ = (y + z)M1Dc2 (r 2 − (y 2 + z 2)) FPl , where M1 = mslit −qslitme/e is the effective mass of the slit wall, y is the projected radius of the slit, z is the particle radius, D is a dimensionless coupling constant, and FPl is the Planck force. Changing the material changes mslit, qslit, B2, y, and Dlocal, and hence changes θ. Therefore, even for the same slit geometry, the position of the interference fringes shifts when the material is changed. In standard quantum theory, on the other hand, the material does not affect the position of the interference fringes. This opposition has a clear falsifiability structure: whichever result is observed, one of the two theories is falsified. We present an experimental protocol and propose tests varying the material, charge, magnetic field, density, and distance.
Young’s double slit experiments revived the wave theory of light. The standard interpretation is that the light behaves as waves before and after passing through the double slit, and the superposition of waves produces the interference pattern. Feynman called the double slit experiment the only mystery in quantum mechanics. In this article, we experimentally show the novel universal phenomena: (1) within macro-distance from the diaphragm, the light rays behave as photons and produce non-interference patterns; while near the screen, the photons produce interference patterns; (2) The non-interference patterns evolve to the interference patterns gradually in the same classical wave experiment; (3) the light is photons before and after passing through the double slit; (4) The convex lens stops the further evolution. The experiments: (1) challenge the wave theories of the light; (2) violate both Bohr’s complementarity principle and wave particle duality; (3) provide profound phenomena for developing optics and for studying the nature of light; (4) suggest that a complete theory should be able to consistently interpret all phenomena, including the non-interference pattern, the interference pattern, and the evolution from the non-interference to the interference pattern in the wave experiment; (5) show a new mystery that photons, as particles, distribute as waves.
We present a quantitative, falsifiable prediction of the unified field theory (UFT): in the double-slit experiment, the position of the interference fringes shifts systematically with the material of the slit wall and the screen. From the photon equation of motion dp/dt = −H, we derive the deflection angle θ = (y + z)MDc2 (r 2 − (y 2 + z 2))FPl , where M = m − qme/e is the effective mass, y is the projected radius of the source, z is the photon radius, r is the center-to-center distance, D is the unified field coupling constant, and FPl is the Planck force. For identical slit geometry, the fringe shift relative to aluminum is ∆θi θAl = ρi − ρAl ρAl , yielding concrete predictions: tungsten +615%, copper +230%, iron +193% (plus magnetic correction), glass −7.4%, plastic −55.6%. Standard quantum theory predicts zero material dependence. The opposition provides an ideal falsifiability structure. We propose a minimal experimental protocol using existing equipment.