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International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering

An Improved Key Distribution Protocol Using Symmetric Key Cryptography

Yasser Ali Alahmadi, Saleh Noman Alassali

Published Nov 30, 2020• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Due to the rapid growth in technology, the development and use of cryptosystems has become plays an important role in networked and distributed applications. To get the benefits of such applications, the principals will cooperate by exchanging information over an open networks such as the internet. A key distribution protocol is an essential component of any cryptosystem to generation and sharing of cryptographic keys between the principals involved in the network securely. In the current days, there are a number of key distribution protocols that have been developed and implemented. However, the most of such protocols were found to be prone to several attacks a long time after deployment. In this paper, the key distribution protocol is designed to improve the Nomaskd protocol. The two protocols are analyzed and verified by a formal verification tool called Scyther, the verification results show that the Nomaskd protocol does not fulfill the strong authentication goals, whereas the improved protocol fulfill these goals.

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Due to the rapid growth in technology, the development and use of cryptosystems has become plays an important role in networked and distributed applications. To get the benefits of such applications, the principals will cooperate by exchanging information over an open networks such as the internet. A key distribution protocol is an essential component of any cryptosystem to generation and sharing of cryptographic keys between the principals involved in the network securely. In the current days, there are a number of key distribution protocols that have been developed and implemented. However, the most of such protocols were found to be prone to several attacks a long time after deployment. In this paper, the key distribution protocol is designed to improve the Nomaskd protocol. The two protocols are analyzed and verified by a formal verification tool called Scyther, the verification results show that the Nomaskd protocol does not fulfill the strong authentication goals, whereas the improved protocol fulfill these goals.
Currently many symmetric key cryptographic tools which are known to be quantum-safe. They all share Secret symmetric keys through an untrusted medium which is usually done with public key methods which are prone to quantum attacks. One among the recommended solutions to the key distribution problem is Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). QKD utilizes an authenticated Communication channel along with a quantum communication channel so that a secret key is generated. Whatever may be the protocol to implement proposed QKD, they all need both a quantum channel, and an authenticated classical. OTP (One Time Pad) is used when two parties wish to communications have to share a key called pad. This pad is a randomly generated key and the length of the key should be equal to the message so it can be sent. The proposed QKD parameters that result in almost 35.67% smaller keys for quantum security and an implementation of QKD in network which is publicly available and usable in practice.
Quantum Cryptography or Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) solves the key distribution problem by allowing the exchange of a cryptographic key between two remote parties with absolute security, guaranteed by the laws of quantum physics.Extensive studies have been undertaken on QKD since it was noted that quantum computers could break public key cryptosystems based on number theory.Actually, the progress of research in this field allows the implementation of QKD outside of laboratories.Efforts are made to exploit this technology in the existing communication networks and to improve the performance and reliability of the implemented technologies.Some research is in progress for the integration of QKD with the protocols in different layers of OSI model.The examples of such research effort are the integration of QKD in point-to-point protocol (PPP) OSI layer 2 and the integration of QKD with IPSEC at OSI layer-3.All these works are moving towards the utilization of QKD technology for enhancing the security of modern computing applications on the internet.In this paper, we present a novel extension of the TLS protocol based on QKD.We introduce a scheme for integrating Quantum Cryptography in this protocol.Our approach improves the security of the process of authentication and data encryption.Also, we describe an example to illustrate the feasibility of our scheme's implementation.
The Internet has a significant impact on contemporary society, enabling a wide range of applications, including advanced cellular networks such as 4G, 5G, and 6G. Since these communications occur over shared or open channels, ensuring secure data exchange is of critical importance, as any weakness in the communication infrastructure may compromise system reliability. Device authentication in the Internet of Things (IoT) and user authentication in smart environments, such as smart homes, remain fundamental security challenges. As the first line of defense, authentication mechanisms must be robust, since vulnerabilities at this stage can expose the entire system to serious threats. To address these challenges, numerous authentication schemes based on cryptographic primitives, including Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), have been proposed. In this paper, we present a comprehensive security analysis of an ECC-based three-factor authentication protocol proposed by Yuan et al. Our analysis shows that the protocol is vulnerable to desynchronization, user impersonation, traceability, and insider attacks, all of which succeed with probability 1 by exploiting at most two protocol phases. To mitigate these weaknesses, we propose an improved authentication scheme, called HEIoT. The proposed scheme is formally analyzed under the Real-or-Random (RoR) model to establish session-key security and is further verified using the Scyther tool. Moreover, a Python-based implementation is provided to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed protocol. Comparative results indicate that HEIoT achieves stronger security while maintaining acceptable communication, computational, and storage overhead.
Quantum Cryptography is revolutionary discovery in the field of network security. Quantum cryptography promises to provide sophisticated functionality for security issues but it also leads to unbelievable increment in computational parallelism which is helpful for potential cryptanalytic attacks. Some of the associated properties of Quantum Key Distribution protocol that provide security that is deficient for the shared key to be transmitted securely. The identity verification process attempts to maximize success in interpreting the EPR protocol for distribution of Quantum.
In distributed systems, entities perform the predefined tasks distributively and have to communicate quite frequently. Confidentiality is the primary security requirement in such systems. There should be some secure mechanism whereby a pair of entities can securely communicate with each other. In most of the applications of distributed systems, computational and communication resources are limited and any such mechanism that ensures security of data under transmission should consider these computational and communicational constraints. Symmetric key cryptography emerges as one of the effective mechanisms to secure the data in distributed systems. The security of a symmetric key mechanism purely depends on the secrecy of the session key. In this paper, we have proposed a protocol for the sharing of session key between communicating entities securely. The proposed protocol secures the session through asymmetric key mechanism and once the session key is securely shared, the entities can communicate through the shared session key.
Securing applications that gather and transfer confidential information has become a critical challenge in the rapidly evolving Internet of Things (IoT) landscape. Such data’s authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality must be guaranteed while reducing security functions’ computation and communication overhead to accommodate the numerous constrained devices involved. Group authentication and key management are essential aspects of IoT security, but existing protocols often need to be more computationally expensive for IoT applications and must take care of anonymization. Consequently, IoT devices may be open to potential cyber-attacks due to the use of simple security primitives. Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) can enable in lightweight approach to authentication and key distribution among group members. The factorial tree and Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) can minimize communication messages required to renew the keys. This paper presents a novel protocol, Anonymized Lightweight PUF-based group Authentication with Key distribution (ALPAK) for IoT Devices, which improves the PUF-Based Lightweight Group Authentication and Key Distribution Protocol (PLGAKD) to enhance the anonymity of IoT devices. The paper further presents the formal verification of the ALPAK scheme with the Scyther tool and detailed security analysis.