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London Journal of Research in Science Natural & Formal

Tachyons are Messengers for Entangled Particles Ardeshir Irani

Ardeshir Irani

Published Aug 9, 2023• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Tachyons are Scalar Bosons that reside in our fourth dimensional spatial Universe. They are point particles with zero mass, zero charge, and zero spin. Based on the Lorentz Transformation for v > c, tachyons can travel backwards in time to enter our third dimensional spatial Universe and can travel faster than light speed, to transmit information instantaneously between two entangled particles, to change their spin values from a superposition state to a definitive up and down state. We will show that the laws of Quantum Mechanics can be retro-causal while the laws of Classical Mechanics must be causal.

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AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2011•1 citation
Tachyons are Scalar Bosons that reside in our fourth dimensional spatial Universe. They are point particles with zero mass, zero charge, and zero spin. Based on the Lorentz Transformation for v > c, tachyons can travel backwards in time to enter our third dimensional spatial Universe and can travel faster than light speed, to transmit information instantaneously between two entangled particles, to change their spin values from a superposition state to a definitive up and down state. We will show that the laws of Quantum Mechanics can be retro-causal while the laws of Classical Mechanics must be causal.
Two statements in physics are frequently conflated: that nothing can travel faster than light, and that two entangled particles behave as if "instantaneously" connected regardless of their separation. This paper addresses both questions together: whether a faster-than-light particle could exist and, if so, whether it would count as matter; and whether quantum entanglement actually violates the light-speed limit. Starting from the energy–velocity relation of special relativity, it is shown that massive particles cannot reach the speed of light, and the properties of hypothetical tachyons (imaginary mass, absence of a rest frame and violation of causality) are examined. Using the singlet state, the non-separability, reduced state and correlation properties of entanglement are derived, and the quantum violation of the CHSH inequality up to 2√2 is computed. Finally, via the no-signaling theorem, it is shown that entanglement produces non-local correlations without permitting superluminal communication. In conclusion, nature accommodates non-local correlations without allowing any object to travel faster than light.
It has been predicted that particles with imaginary mass, called tachyons, would be able to travel faster than the speed of light. There has not been any experimental evidence for tachyons occurring naturally. Here, we propose how to experimentally simulate Dirac tachyons with trapped ions. Quantum measurement on a Dirac particle simulated by a trapped ion causes it to have an imaginary mass so that it may travel faster than the effective speed of light. We show that a Dirac tachyon must have spinor-motion correlation in order to be superluminal. We also show that it exhibits significantly more Klein tunneling than a normal Dirac particle. We provide numerical simulations of realistic ion systems and show that our scheme is feasible with current technology.
Sidney Coleman has noted that superluminal particles or observers would be able to go back in time and have no definite trajectory according to subluminal observers, while not violating Lorentz invariance [1]. Recently, Dragan and Ekert have significantly developed similar ideas even further, which lead to formulation of ``quantum principle of relativity'' that intimately links the two theories [2]. However, field theory descriptions of an on-shell tachyon, described by scalar field φφφ with negative mass squared parameter, lead to violation of basic principles of relativity or quantum mechanics. In this work, we investigate whether purely virtual tachyons can be consistent within the fakeon framework--the only known viable formulation of purely virtual particles. We show that the supports of the real part of the tachyon Feynman propagator, which is also the principal-value propagator (PVP), and the Wheeler propagator intersect only on the light cone. We show that PVP cannot be time-ordered two-point function of a local Hermitian field, excluding the direct extension of the canonical formalism to free fakeon tachyon. Finally, with an imposed tachyonic PVP, interactions with electrons generate composition-dependent accelerations that violate the weak equivalence principle, and we provide a quantitative bound on this scenario. Our analysis identifies obstacles to formulating covariant quantum field theory of interacting virtual tachyon.
It is shown using numerical simulation that classical charged tachyons have several features normally thought to be unique to quantum mechanics. Spin-like self-orbiting helical motions are shown to exist at discrete values for the velocity of the tachyon in Feynman-Wheeler electrodynamics and in normal causal electrodynamics more complex closed orbits also appear to exist. Tunneling behavior of the classical tachyon is observed at classical turning points depending on the angle of incidence. The equations of motion appear to be chaotic and effectively indeterministic when the tachyon crosses its own past light cone. It is argued that self-interacting tachyons moving in a tight helix would behave causally, and that they could be a basis for a hidden variable description of quantum mechanics. A procedure is proposed which could determine the fine structure constant.
Abstract Particles cannot travel faster than the speed of light, nor can information. Nonetheless, this assumption has been frequently questioned over the years. This includes radical proposals like tachyons that can be observed in particle accelerators to more subtle ideas like studying superluminal causation to find classical explanations for quantum correlations. Most recently, it has been argued (Dragan and Ekert 2020 New J. Phys. 22 033038) that in a world with superluminal observers local determinism is impossible, linking the two pillars of physics-quantum theory and relativity-suggesting that the latter serves as the foundation for the former. Motivated by this approach, in this work, we extend the framework of quantum reference frames to incorporate superluminal Lorentz transformations. We apply this conceptual result to examine an apparent paradox where particles acquire negative energies after undergoing a superluminal Lorentz boost and propose a resolution within our framework. A consequence of this resolution is that different observers no longer agree whether a particle is incoming or outgoing or in a superposition of the two. We further find a similar apparent paradox for the entropy and/or temperature under superluminal Lorentz boosts and resolve it in an analogous fashion. Finally, we discuss Bell experiments under superluminal quantum reference frame transformations, showing that the involved probabilities still remain conserved. By applying the toolbox of quantum reference frames, we start charting an unexplored territory of superpositions between sub-and-superluminal quantum observers which gives rise to new conceptual questions.
Causality in quantum field theory means the vanishing of commutators for spacelike separated fields (VCSSF). I will show that VCSSF is not tenable. For VCSSF to be tenable, and therefore, to have both retarded and advanced propagators vanish in the elsewhere, a superposition of negative energy antiparticle and positive energy particle propagators, traveling forward in time, and a superposition of negative energy particle and positive energy antiparticle propagators, traveling backward in time, are required. Hence VCSSF predicts non‐vanishing probabilities for both negative energy particles in the forward‐through‐time direction and positive energy antiparticles in the backwards‐through‐time direction. Therefore, since VCSSF is unrealizable in a stable universe, tachyonic propagation must occur in denial of causality.