Cryptography is widely used technique to provide security in large networks like cloud environments. Classical cryptography and quantum cryptography are two widely used techniques. Classical cryptography uses simple mathematical methods to provide security. So it is more vulnerable to several attacks such as eaves dropping, man-in-the-middle attack etc. But in classical cryptography digital signatures are used to provide best authentication. Quantum cryptography uses quantum mechanical properties to provide security. It uses photons and polarization but it requires more communication rounds. So by combing classical and quantum cryptography to show a new combination. Here we can use implicit user authentication, explicit mutual authentication and we can digital signatures to provide best authentication. The main objectives of this article are design and develop an enhanced anonymity control scheme based on quantum cryptographic techniques. EANCTRL- an enhanced anonymity control scheme based on Quantum key distribution is presented in this article.
Cryptography is widely used technique to provide security in large networks like cloud environments. Classical cryptography and quantum cryptography are two widely used techniques. Classical cryptography uses simple mathematical methods to provide security. So it is more vulnerable to several attacks such as eaves dropping, man-in-the-middle attack etc. But in classical cryptography digital signatures are used to provide best authentication. Quantum cryptography uses quantum mechanical properties to provide security. It uses photons and polarization but it requires more communication rounds. So by combing classical and quantum cryptography to show a new combination. Here we can use implicit user authentication, explicit mutual authentication and we can digital signatures to provide best authentication. The main objectives of this article are design and develop an enhanced anonymity control scheme based on quantum cryptographic techniques. EANCTRL- an enhanced anonymity control scheme based on Quantum key distribution is presented in this article.
The security of quantum cryptography relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping or guarantee of key security. The proposal present in this work develops a quantum key distribution model to safeguard security in large networks, in the directions of classical cryptography and quantum cryptography. Two three-party Quantum key distribution are used in this model, one with implicit user authentication and the other with explicit mutual authentication, are proposed to demonstrate the merits of the new combination. The performance of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems have notably progressed since the early experimental demonstrations. The current evolutions in QKD research indicate that the pace of this progression is very likely to be maintained, if not increased, in the future years. In parallel to these improvements of QKD techniques, commercial products are also being developed, making QKD deployment a feasible alternative for securing real data networks. Deployment of a real QKD network is however far from being straightforward. It requires development of a network architecture connecting multiple users that may possibly be very far away from each other. Considering the fact that the existing QKD links are only point-to-point, and intrinsically limited in distance, deployment of a practical QKD network structure is a nontrivial problem. The proposed work describes the proposed architecture for a QKD network specify the requirements relevant to the network design, protocols, and services. The objective of this specification is to define the major components and their main features The proposal provides security against such attacks as man-in-the-middle, eavesdropping and replay. It also improves the efficiency of the quantum key distribution which contains the fewest number of communication rounds among existing Quantum key distributions. In this model two parties can share and use a long-term secret (repeatedly). To prove the security of the proposed schemes, this proposed model provides a primitive called the Unbiased-Chosen Basis (UCB) assumption with the quantum key in angular positions.
Cloud computing offer the cost-effective and flexibility to the user. However, the security threat is a main concern for user to place their data in the cloud. Data that stored and shares through cloud have to be confidential and restricted. Information leakage, men in the middle attack are the two main issues that make information stored in the cloud insecure. Widely authentication method used is the classical approach like Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). This approach is workable in order to provide a secure environment within the cloud clients. The existing of Certificate Authority that act as controller they can verify the legal user. However, in certain circumstances, this approach cannot solve the issue such as stealing the identity. In this paper we are proposing a model that use quantum mechanical theory. This theory is supporting the no cloning theory. It used the power of light and a single photon to provide an authentication key. Throughout this paper, we also do a literature on various security threats, and authentication method in cloud. Then, we are introducing a quantum defense model as a solution of the listed threats. We proposed new cloud authentication architecture for cloud computing environment. A new cloud authentication environment that implements quantum mechanics is proven that can gain more trust with less time of computation in cloud communications.
Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability are basic goals of security architecture. To ensure CIA, many authentication scheme has been introduced in several years. Currently deployment of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a most significant solution. PKI involving exchange key using certificates via a public channel to a authenticate users in the cloud infrastructure. It is exposed to widespread security threats such as eavesdropping, the man in the middle attack, masquerade et al. Quantum cryptography is of the most prominent fields in the modern world of information security. Quantum cryptography is considered to be a future replica of classical cryptography along with a vital stance to break existing classical cryptography. This paper aims to look into basic security architecture in place currently and further it tries to introduce a new proposed security architecture for cloud computing environment, which makes use of the knowledge of Quantum Mechanics and current advances in research in Quantum Computing, to provide a more secure architecture.
Quantum cryptographic protocols offer transformative potential for enhancing cloud security by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics. These protocols ensure unbreakable encryption through quantum key distribution (QKD), where security is derived from the fundamental properties of quantum particles. Unlike classical encryption, which relies on computational complexity, quantum cryptography guarantees data protection by preventing unauthorized access, as any attempt to intercept quantum keys alters their state and can be immediately detected. This paper explores the application of quantum cryptographic protocols in securing cloud environments, addressing vulnerabilities posed by classical encryption techniques in the face of growing computational power. Key protocols, such as BB84 and E91, are analyzed for their potential in securing cloud infrastructure, offering enhanced confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data. Additionally, this study highlights the integration of quantum cryptography with modern cloud architectures, overcoming challenges such as scalability and implementation cost. By employing quantum-resistant strategies, these protocols provide a robust defense against emerging threats from quantum computing, making them an essential solution for future-proof cloud security. The findings demonstrate that quantum cryptography, combined with advanced cloud security practices, can ensure secure, scalable, and resilient cloud infrastructures capable of protecting sensitive data in an increasingly interconnected digital landscape.
All Classical cryptographic methods used in our life based on mathematical ideas & computational assumption are actually unsafe, so quantum cryptography is proposed nowadays Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises secure key agreement by using quantum mechanical systems. QKD will be an important part of future cryptographic infrastructures. It can provide long-term confidentiality for encrypted information without reliance on computational assumptions. Although QKD still requires authentication to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks. Firstly, In this paper At quantum key distribution protocol process is introduced. Secondly, several improvements to the basic steps of two references are reviewed because of its defects, mainly about identity authentication in order to prevent communication partners' counterfeit, including errors removing, estimating Attacker's information, secrecy enhancement, etc. At last, based upon original improvements reserved selectively, the whole process of quantum key distribution protocol after improvement & then comparison is introduced in detail.
Abstract— The definite length of the key size has been a hot debate since 1940. How we are going to measure it? Most cryptographic mechanisms, such as symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, often involve the use of cryptographic keys. However, all cryptographic techniques will be ineffective if the key distribution mechanism is weak. The security of most modern cryptographic systems of key distribution mechanism is based on computational complexity and the extraordinary time needed to break the code. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) or Quantum Cryptography is attracting much attention as a solution of the problem of key distribution; QKD offers unconditionally secure communication based on quantum mechanics. In this article we proposed the enhance method to secure the distribution key which we call enhance tight finite key scheme. We will identify either this approach it suitable with the cloud authentication mechanism.