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Supercurrent decay of Josephson junctions in non-stationary conditions: A new evidence of macroscopic quantum effects

P. Silvestrini, B. Ruggiero, Carmine Granata, E. Esposito, V. G. PALMIERI

Published Jan 1, 2000• 0 citations
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The effect of the voltage-dependent junction resistance R/sub j/ on the critical current decay of Josephson junctions was studied. In the thermal regime, the author has obtained a simple expression for the lifetime of the zero-voltage state which takes into account the nonlinear dependence of R/sub j/ on the voltage, removing an assumption of the resistivity shunted junction model (RSJ), which assumes an ohmic shunt resistance to describe the junction dissipation. These results are confirmed by experimental data which also show the relevance of the intrinsic dissipation due to the presence of quasiparticles. This latter aspect is relevant, because it allows extremely underdamped systems to be obtained at low temperatures. These conditions are particularly interesting to study a macroscopic quantum aspect, namely the effects of the presence of quantized energy levels on the supercurrent decay. The dependence of this latter effect on the junction resistance is also briefly discussed.
We report experiments on energy level quantization in Nb/AlOx/Nb Josephson junctions while measurements on SQUIDs are in progress. Data on the presence of energy level quantization are shown at temperatures above the classical-quantum regime crossover temperature. This has been possible by extending the measurements of the rate of the escape from the zero-voltage state at higher sweep bias rate in order to induce non-stationary conditions in the energy potential describing the junction dynamics. Data are compatible with extremely low "effective" dissipation in our system. Theoretical predictions on quantum effects related to the presence of non-stationary conditions in the potential associated to a rf SQUID are reported in view of new possible experiments.