«Qazaq Journal of Young Scientist» халықаралық ғылыми журналы

КВАНТОВЫЙ ТУННЕЛЬНЫЙ ЭФФЕКТ

Айдана Нұрғали, Айбота Нұрболат

Published Apr 17, 2026• 0 citations

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive review of the quantum tunneling effect, one of the most important phenomena in quantum mechanics. According to the laws of classical physics, a particle cannot overcome a potential barrier if it has insufficient energy. However, in quantum mechanics, due to the wave nature of the particle, the probability of penetrating the barrier is non-zero. This work analyzes in detail the theoretical foundations of the tunneling effect, its description via the Schrödinger equation, probability amplitudes, boundary conditions for wave functions, and their physical meaning. Furthermore, the application of this effect in semiconductor physics, nuclear physics, scanning tunneling microscopy, and nanotechnology is discussed. Based on the work of Kazakh scientists, the place and significance of the tunneling effect in modern physics are determined. The research results provide a deeper understanding of quantum phenomena and promote the development of their practical applications.

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