This paper addresses the application of quantum entanglement and cryptography for automation and control of dynamic systems. A dynamic system is a system where the rates of changes of its state variables are not negligible. Quantum entanglement is realized by the Spontaneous Parametric Down-conversion process. Two entangled autonomous systems exhibit correlated behavior without any classical communication in between them due to the quantum entanglement phenomenon. Specifically, the behavior of a system, Bob, at a distance, is correlated with a corresponding system, Alice. In an automation scenario, the “Bob Robot” is entangled with the “Alice Robot” in performing autonomous tasks without any classical connection between them. Quantum cryptography is a capability that allows guaranteed security. Such capabilities can be implemented in control of autonomous mechanical systems where, for instance, an “Alice Autonomous System” can control a “Bob Autonomous System” for applications of automation and robotics. The applications of quantum technologies to mechanical systems, at a scale larger than the atomistic scale, for control and automation, is a novel contribution of this paper. Notably, the feedback control transfer function of an integrated classical dynamic system and a quantum state is proposed.
This paper addresses the application of quantum entanglement and cryptography for automation and control of dynamic systems. A dynamic system is a system where the rates of changes of its state variables are not negligible. Quantum entanglement is realized by the Spontaneous Parametric Down-conversion process. Two entangled autonomous systems exhibit correlated behavior without any classical communication in between them due to the quantum entanglement phenomenon. Specifically, the behavior of a system, Bob, at a distance, is correlated with a corresponding system, Alice. In an automation scenario, the “Bob Robot” is entangled with the “Alice Robot” in performing autonomous tasks without any classical connection between them. Quantum cryptography is a capability that allows guaranteed security. Such capabilities can be implemented in control of autonomous mechanical systems where, for instance, an “Alice Autonomous System” can control a “Bob Autonomous System” for applications of automation and robotics. The applications of quantum technologies to mechanical systems, at a scale larger than the atomistic scale, for control and automation, is a novel contribution of this paper. Notably, the feedback control transfer function of an integrated classical dynamic system and a quantum state is proposed.
This paper addresses the application of quantum entanglement and cryptography for automation and control of dynamic systems. A dynamic system is a system where the rates of changes of its state variables are not negligible. Quantum entanglement is realized by the Spontaneous Parametric Down-conversion process. Two entangled autonomous systems exhibit correlated behavior without any classical communication in between them due to the quantum entanglement phenomenon. Specifically, the behavior of a system, Bob, at a distance, is correlated with a corresponding system, Alice. In an automation scenario, the 'Bob Robot' is entangled with the 'Alice Robot' in performing autonomous tasks without any classical connection between them. Quantum cryptography is a capability that allows guaranteed security. Such capabilities can be implemented in control of autonomous mechanical systems where, for instance, an 'Alice Autonomous System' can control a 'Bob Autonomous System' for applications of automation and robotics. The applications of quantum technologies to mechanical systems, at a scale larger than the atomistic scale, for control and automation, is a novel contribution of this paper. Notably, the feedback control transfer function of an integrated classical dynamic system and a quantum state is proposed.
The application of Quantum Teleportation for control of classical dynamic systems and autonomy is proposed in this paper. Quantum teleportation is an intrinsically quantum phenomenon, and was first introduced by teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels in 1993. In this paper, we consider the possibility of applying this quantum technique to autonomous mobile classical platforms for control and autonomy purposes for the first time in this research. First, a review of how Quantum Entanglement and Quantum Cryptography can be integrated into macroscopic mechanical systems for controls and autonomy applications is presented, as well as how quantum teleportation concepts may be applied to the classical domain. In quantum teleportation, an entangled pair of photons which are correlated in their polarizations are generated and sent to two autonomous platforms, which we call the Alice Robot and the Bob Robot. Alice has been given a quantum system, i.e. a photon, prepared in an unknown state, in addition to receiving an entangled photon. Alice measures the state of her entangled photon and her unknown state jointly and sends the information through a classical channel to Bob. Although Alice original unknown state is collapsed in the process of measuring the state of the entangled photon (due to the quantum non-cloning phenomenon), Bob can construct an accurate replica of Alice state by applying a unitary operator. This paper, and the previous investigations of the applications of hybrid classical-quantum capabilities in control of dynamical systems, are aimed to promote the adoption of quantum capabilities and its advantages to the classical domain particularly for autonomy and control of autonomous classical systems.
The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper. The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisciplinary interface that contributes to advancing the field of system autonomy, and pushes the engineering boundaries beyond the existing techniques. The present research adopts the experimental aspects of quantum entanglement and quantum cryptography, and integrates these established quantum capabilities into distributed robotic platforms, to explore the possibility of achieving increased autonomy for the control of multi-agent robotic systems engaged in cooperative tasks. Experimental quantum capabilities are realized by producing single photons (using spontaneous parametric down-conversion process), polarization of photons, detecting vertical and horizontal polarizations, and single photon detecting/counting. Specifically, such quantum aspects are implemented on network of classical agents, i.e., classical aerial and ground robots/unmanned systems. With respect to classical systems for robotic applications, leveraging quantum technology is expected to lead to guaranteed security, very fast control and communication, and unparalleled quantum capabilities such as entanglement and quantum superposition that will enable novel applications.
A quantum network may be realized by the entanglement of particles communicated by qubits between quantum computers, where the entangled photons of light are transferred for communication purposes. This technology has been proven to be feasible experimentally through free-space distribution of entangled photon pairs. Sending photons of light through nonlinear crystals produces correlated photon pairs, by splitting each photon into two half particles with each particle having the same level of energy, which results in entangled pairs. This entanglement is represented by photons, having both either horizontal or vertical polarization. This paper investigates collaborative robotic tasks of unmanned systems in a network where the agents are entangled. For instance, a leader robot sends two identical photons (e.g. with vertical polarization) to two follower robots/autonomous vehicles to communicate information about various tasks such as swarm, formation, trajectory tracking, path following and collaborative tasks. The potential advantages of quantum cooperation of robotic agents is the speed of the process, the ability to achieve security with immunity against cyberattacks, and fault tolerance, through entanglement. If a Quantum Network is implemented in a robotic application, it would present an effective solution; for example, for a group of unmanned systems working securely together. An analytical basis of such systems is investigated in this paper, and the formulation of quantum cooperation of unmanned systems is presented and discussed. The concept of experimental quantum entanglement, as well as quantum cryptography (QC), for robotics applications is presented.
The study of nature at the smallest scales, known as quantum physics, has uncovered occurrences that defy conventional wisdom. Among them, one of the most enigmatic and exciting discoveries is quantum entanglement. When two or more particles become correlated to the point that, regardless of the distance between them, the state of one particle is instantly connected to the state of the other, this is known as entanglement. Once referred to by Einstein as "spooky action at a distance," this phenomenon has developed from a theoretical curiosity to a fundamental component of contemporary quantum technologies. Next-generation communication technologies are among its most revolutionary uses. The power of computational devices using silicon-based integrated circuits has advanced dramatically during the last few decades. Since the gadgets' size will soon approach atomic scales, this remarkable technological advancement based on the principles of classical physics cannot continue eternally. Quantum mechanics would control how these devices operate at these extreme natural regimes. In order to demonstrate drastically new kinds of computing and communication with quantum mechanical states of physical systems, physicists and computer scientists have developed concepts that take advantage of the quantum mechanical behavior of these devices. A basic and fascinating phenomenon in quantum mechanics, quantum entanglement occurs when two or more particles become correlated to the point where the state of one instantly affects the state of the other, regardless of the distance between them. This study explores the theoretical underpinnings of quantum entanglement, including its mathematical formulation, important experimental validations, and implications for new technologies. We will talk about this in this paper. Quantum communication via quantum entanglement.
Quantum entanglement, one of the most intriguing phenomena in quantum mechanics, forms the cornerstone of emerging technologies in quantum information science. It describes the non-classical correlations between spatially separated particles, whereby the measurement outcome of one particle instantaneously determines the state of the other, regardless of the distance between them. This paper explores the fundamental principles of quantum entanglement and its critical role in advancing quantum cryptography and quantum computing. In cryptography, entanglement enables protocols such as Ekert’s E91 and BBM92 quantum key distribution schemes, which leverage nonlocal correlations to ensure unconditional security based on the violation of Bell’s inequalities. In quantum computing, entanglement serves as a powerful computational resource, facilitating speedups in algorithms, enabling quantum teleportation, and supporting robust quantum error correction techniques. The discussion integrates both theoretical underpinnings and experimental realizations, highlighting recent advances in photonic entanglement sources, superconducting qubits, and trapped-ion systems. Challenges related to decoherence, scalability, and entanglement distribution in quantum networks are examined, along with potential solutions. By bridging foundational theory with practical applications, this study underscores the pivotal role of entanglement in shaping the future of secure communications and computational paradigms beyond the capabilities of classical systems.