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KKU Science Journal

วธการทางคณตศาสตรสำหรบสมการชเรอดงเงอร และวธประมาณคาแบบดบเบลยเคบ

เพชรอาภา บุญเสริม

Published Mar 30, 2013• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The Schrödinger equation is a fundamental equation in physics for describing quantum mechanical behavior. It is a partial differential equation that shows how a wave function of a physical system evolves over time. In addition, it is associated with the kinetic energy and the potential energy, both of which contribute towards the total energy. This paper explains mathematical aspect of the Schrödinger equation. The concept of the WKB approximation has also been reviewed, which is an important method in finding the approximate solutions for the wave function. In addition, the paper also shows how to derive the transmission and reflection probabilities in relation to a one-dimensional quantum problem, called a “tunneling problem”, which occurs when a classical particle passes through a region where total energy is less than its potential energy. The WKB approximation can be used as a basis for formally writing down the exact solutions. Furthermore, it gives a high accuracy for the propagation of waves with high frequency or short wavelength.

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Quantum mechanics is a theory that can explain phenomena of atom-sized matter or smaller, which classical mechanics cannot do. The central equation of quantum mechanics is the Schrödinger equation. Mathematically, the Schrödinger equation is a second order partial differential equation which tells us how a wave function changes with time. For most problems in quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger equation cannot present exact solutions, except for a few idealized systems in which the Schrödinger equation can be solved exactly. Therefore, approximation methods are needed to find solutions to the Schrödinger equation. In this paper, systems in stationary states are of special interest, in which the Schrödinger equation is reduced to the time-independent Schrödinger equation. One of the approximation methods that work for systems in stationary states is the WKB approximation. In this paper, transmission probabilities for various potentials are calculated using the WKB approximation. The potentials studied in this paper are composed of the asymmetric square-well potential, the hyperbolic tangent potential, the squared hyperbolic secant potential, and the double squared hyperbolic secant potential.

KKU Science Journal•Dec 28, 2020•0 citations

Mathematical models of quantum mechanical systems

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The laws of quantum mechanics differ significantly from the laws of classical mechanics. The mathematical apparatus of quantum mechanics is based on the amazing Schrödinger equation. This is a specific partial differential equation with respect to a complex-valued function called the wave function. This characteristic allows, in particular, estimating the probability of finding a quantum mechanical particle in a given volume. We establish the Schrödinger equation for a free particle and for a particle moving in an external field. Then the problem of passing a potential barrier is investigated. It is shown that, in contrast to the classical case, even a relatively slow quantum mechanical particle is capable of overcoming a sufficiently high potential barrier. The Appendix considers the concept of a normalized wave function and analyzes the movement of a particle in a potential well with infinite walls.

Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks•Oct 13, 2021•0 citations

Derivation of the Schrodinger equation from fundamental principles

Wenzhuo Zhang, Anatoly Svidzinsky

Schrodinger path to the quantum mechanical wave equation was heuristic and guided more by physical intuition than formal deduction. Here we derive the Schrodinger equation for the particle wave function, assuming that it has a meaning of the probability amplitude to find the particle at time t at point r and the relations E=hw, p=hk expressing particle energy and momentum in terms of the frequency and wave vector of the associated probability wave.

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Wave Mechanics and Its Simple Applications

Ajay Sharma

The Schrödinger equation assumes that a particle behaves as a wave and yields a solution in terms of wave function and the energy of the particle under consideration. Once the wave function is known, then everything about the particle can be deduced from the wave function. This chapter covers the development of the Schrödinger wave equation and its applications to one-dimensional systems. Time-dependent and time-independent Schrödinger equations, bound and scattering states, probability density, probability current and expectation values, the solution of the time-independent 1D-Schrödinger equation for a free particle, infinite as well as finite potential wells, potential steps, and the finite potential barrier are discussed in detail in the chapter. The phenomenon of tunneling, relevance and the importance of the free particle, potential wells and potential barriers to contemporary fields of physics and chemistry, periodic solids and their band structures, the Kronig-Penney model, confined states in quantum wells, and wires and dots are other topics presented in innovative manners in the chapter. The importance of the topics presented here is demonstrated through carefully chosen solved examples and unsolved exercises from contemporary fields of sciences.

CRC Press eBooks•Jun 18, 2021•0 citations

Solution for quantum mechanical problem in physics

Amruta Daga, V. H. Pradhan

The Schrödinger equation is the fundamental equation of physics for describing quantum mechanical behavior. In this Paper the solution is obtained by Variational Homotopy perturbation method which is coupling of Variational iteration method and Homotopy Perturbation Method. The solution describes how the wave function of a physical system evolves over time.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2013•0 citations

Space, time, and energy: a pedagogical derivation of the Schrödinger equation

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Abstract A heuristic derivation of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation is presented based on an energy interpretation of the wave function. The spatial derivative naturally produces a term proportional to the kinetic energy, while the temporal derivative yields a term proportional to the total energy. By relating both contributions through the classical relation for total mechanical energy, the Schrödinger equation is obtained. The proposed approach provides a simple and intuitive framework to introduce this equation in modern physics or introductory-level quantum mechanics courses.

Physics Education•Sep 29, 2026•0 citations
The Schrödinger equation is a fundamental equation in physics for describing quantum mechanical behavior. It is a partial differential equation that shows how a wave function of a physical system evolves over time. In addition, it is associated with the kinetic energy and the potential energy, both of which contribute towards the total energy. This paper explains mathematical aspect of the Schrödinger equation. The concept of the WKB approximation has also been reviewed, which is an important method in finding the approximate solutions for the wave function. In addition, the paper also shows how to derive the transmission and reflection probabilities in relation to a one-dimensional quantum problem, called a “tunneling problem”, which occurs when a classical particle passes through a region where total energy is less than its potential energy. The WKB approximation can be used as a basis for formally writing down the exact solutions. Furthermore, it gives a high accuracy for the propagation of waves with high frequency or short wavelength.
Quantum mechanics is a theory that can explain phenomena of atom-sized matter or smaller, which classical mechanics cannot do. The central equation of quantum mechanics is the Schrödinger equation. Mathematically, the Schrödinger equation is a second order partial differential equation which tells us how a wave function changes with time. For most problems in quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger equation cannot present exact solutions, except for a few idealized systems in which the Schrödinger equation can be solved exactly. Therefore, approximation methods are needed to find solutions to the Schrödinger equation. In this paper, systems in stationary states are of special interest, in which the Schrödinger equation is reduced to the time-independent Schrödinger equation. One of the approximation methods that work for systems in stationary states is the WKB approximation. In this paper, transmission probabilities for various potentials are calculated using the WKB approximation. The potentials studied in this paper are composed of the asymmetric square-well potential, the hyperbolic tangent potential, the squared hyperbolic secant potential, and the double squared hyperbolic secant potential.
The laws of quantum mechanics differ significantly from the laws of classical mechanics. The mathematical apparatus of quantum mechanics is based on the amazing Schrödinger equation. This is a specific partial differential equation with respect to a complex-valued function called the wave function. This characteristic allows, in particular, estimating the probability of finding a quantum mechanical particle in a given volume. We establish the Schrödinger equation for a free particle and for a particle moving in an external field. Then the problem of passing a potential barrier is investigated. It is shown that, in contrast to the classical case, even a relatively slow quantum mechanical particle is capable of overcoming a sufficiently high potential barrier. The Appendix considers the concept of a normalized wave function and analyzes the movement of a particle in a potential well with infinite walls.
The Schrödinger equation assumes that a particle behaves as a wave and yields a solution in terms of wave function and the energy of the particle under consideration. Once the wave function is known, then everything about the particle can be deduced from the wave function. This chapter covers the development of the Schrödinger wave equation and its applications to one-dimensional systems. Time-dependent and time-independent Schrödinger equations, bound and scattering states, probability density, probability current and expectation values, the solution of the time-independent 1D-Schrödinger equation for a free particle, infinite as well as finite potential wells, potential steps, and the finite potential barrier are discussed in detail in the chapter. The phenomenon of tunneling, relevance and the importance of the free particle, potential wells and potential barriers to contemporary fields of physics and chemistry, periodic solids and their band structures, the Kronig-Penney model, confined states in quantum wells, and wires and dots are other topics presented in innovative manners in the chapter. The importance of the topics presented here is demonstrated through carefully chosen solved examples and unsolved exercises from contemporary fields of sciences.
Abstract A heuristic derivation of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation is presented based on an energy interpretation of the wave function. The spatial derivative naturally produces a term proportional to the kinetic energy, while the temporal derivative yields a term proportional to the total energy. By relating both contributions through the classical relation for total mechanical energy, the Schrödinger equation is obtained. The proposed approach provides a simple and intuitive framework to introduce this equation in modern physics or introductory-level quantum mechanics courses.