The Spectral Emergence of Probability

Thomas Gerrits, Francesco Marsili, Varun Boehm Verma +5 more

We employed a 2-channel single-photon detection system with high detection efficiency and low jitter to characterize the joint spectral probability distribution of correlated photons emerging from a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference arrangement. The high detection efficiency allows simultaneous measurement of all frequency components emerging from the source. The results show that the photons show an evolution from bunching to anti-bunching by the entangling beamsplitter of the HOM interferometer.

Angshul Majumdar

Mohamed Asheed

We investigate the propagation of visible light through layered fabrics, combining classical optics and information theory. By treating transmitted spectra as probability distributions, we quantify spectral evolution via Shannon entropy and classical Fisher information. The emergence of visible red light aligns with peaks in entropy gradients, providing an operational measure of classical information emergence. We introduce the vacuum thermal floor as a universal reference scale, linking everyday optical transformations to a reference informational limit. Our results provide a unified perspective on processes analogous to decoherence in macroscopic optical systems.

Angshul Majumdar

Angshul Majumdar

Saad Osman Awadelkareem

This paper develops the quantum sector of Grand Consistency Theory (GCT) from its underlying microscopic constraint structure. Starting from emergent Lorentzian spacetime and the Constraint Laplacian, the framework constructs the reversible sector, the associated spectral Hilbert space, and relational time evolution. Quantum dynamics is formulated through a Hamiltonian obtained as a spectral function of the Constraint Laplacian, leading to Schrödinger-type evolution within the emergent description. The paper further develops the symplectic structure of the reversible sector and relates quantum normalization to Planck’s constant. Observables are represented by self-adjoint operators, while spectral decomposition provides the basis for measurement probabilities and the Born-rule structure. Canonical position and momentum operators and their commutation relations are subsequently formulated within the same framework. The central objective is to present quantum mechanics as an emergent consequence of microscopic consistency dynamics rather than as an independent foundational postulate. The construction connects quantum states, dynamics, observables, measurement, and quantum normalization to a common spectral and constraint-based microscopic origin, providing the quantum-theoretical component of the broader Grand Consistency Theory research program.