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Physical Review Letters

Universal relaxation speedup in nonequilibrium quantum many-body systems through transient resetting

Parvinder Solanki, Igor Lesanovsky, Gabriele Perfetto

Published Sep 28, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1103/45dj-n19c

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Speeding up the relaxation dynamics of many-body quantum systems is important in a variety of contexts, including quantum computation and state preparation. We demonstrate that such acceleration can be universally achieved via transient stochastic resetting. This means that during an initial time interval of finite duration, the dynamics is interrupted by resets that take the system to a designated state at randomly selected times. We illustrate this idea for few-body open systems and also for a challenging many-body case, where a first-order phase transition leads to a divergence of relaxation time. In all scenarios, a significant and sometimes even exponential acceleration in reaching the stationary state is observed, similar to the so-called Mpemba effect. The universal nature of this speedup lies in the fact that the design of the resetting protocol only requires knowledge of a few macroscopic properties of the target state, such as the order parameter of the phase transition, while it does not necessitate any fine-tuned manipulation of the initial state.
We consider closed quantum many-body systems subject to stochastic resetting. This means that their unitary time evolution is interrupted by resets at randomly selected times. When a reset takes place, the system is reinitialized to a state chosen from a set of reset states conditionally on the outcome of a measurement taken immediately before resetting. We construct analytically the resulting nonequilibrium stationary state, thereby establishing an explicit connection between quantum quenches in closed systems and the emergent open system dynamics induced by stochastic resetting. We discuss as an application the paradigmatic transverse-field quantum Ising chain. We show that signatures of its ground-state quantum phase transition are visible in the steady state of the reset dynamics as a sharp crossover. Our findings show that a controlled stochastic resetting dynamics allows one to design nonequilibrium stationary states of quantum many-body systems, where uncontrolled dissipation and heating can be prevented. These states can thus be created on demand and exploited, e.g., as a resource for quantum enhanced sensing on quantum simulator platforms.
Ergodic many-body systems are expected to reach thermal equilibrium. Here, we demonstrate that, surprisingly, high-energy electrons, which are injected into a quantum Hall edge mode with finite-range interactions, stabilize at a far-from-thermalized state over a long timescale. To detect this nonequilibrium state, one positions an energy-resolved detector downstream of the injection point. So far, nonequilibrium distributions in integrable systems were either found not to display relaxation at all, or generically relax to near-thermal asymptotic states. In stark contrast, the here-obtained many-body state comprises fast-decaying transient components, followed by a nearly frozen distribution with a peak near the injection energy.
Driven by recent discoveries regarding the quantum Mpemba effect, the anomalous relaxation dynamics of open quantum systems have garnered significant attention. While expediting thermalization to equilibrium has been extensively studied, dynamically accelerating the convergence toward nonequilibrium steady states remains a formidable challenge. In this article, we find a transient engineered nonreciprocal dissipative channel can provide a shortcut that accelerates convergence to the target reciprocal nonequilibrium steady state for the considered two-mode model and initial states. Using interacting bosonic modes, we demonstrate that the temporal activation of a nonreciprocal channel efficiently suppresses prolonged inter-mode energy oscillations, enforcing a rapid, unidirectional thermal dump into the environment. Counterintuitively, we find that this relaxation speedup is robust and independent of the direction of the nonreciprocity. Our results provide a powerful thermodynamic technique for rapid state preparation and cooling in continuous-variable quantum systems, particularly critical for low-temperature quantum information processing.