K SC This teaching note synthesises recent advances in superconducting quantum thermodynamics—specifically the world's first cyclic superconducting quantum heat engine (Aalto University, 2026) and the associated technologies of quantum-circuit refrigerators (QCRs) and autonomous quantum heat engines—with emerging concepts of thermal connectivity in neural networks and biological mitochondrial organisation as templates for post-silicon computing architectures. It examines how engineered heat flows, dissipation control, and gradient-driven energy conversion can serve simultaneously as computational resources, interconnect modalities, and organisational principles for artificial intelligence systems. The note is intended for researchers, policy makers, and advanced students working at the intersection of quantum technology, neuromorphic computing, thermodynamic computing, and bio-inspired AI. Also available on Academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/attachments/133844967/download_file?s=portfolio
K SC This teaching note synthesises recent advances in superconducting quantum thermodynamics—specifically the world's first cyclic superconducting quantum heat engine (Aalto University, 2026) and the associated technologies of quantum-circuit refrigerators (QCRs) and autonomous quantum heat engines—with emerging concepts of thermal connectivity in neural networks and biological mitochondrial organisation as templates for post-silicon computing architectures. It examines how engineered heat flows, dissipation control, and gradient-driven energy conversion can serve simultaneously as computational resources, interconnect modalities, and organisational principles for artificial intelligence systems. The note is intended for researchers, policy makers, and advanced students working at the intersection of quantum technology, neuromorphic computing, thermodynamic computing, and bio-inspired AI. Also available on Academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/attachments/133844967/download_file?s=portfolio
As artificial intelligence compute demands push silicon CMOS architectures toward insurmountable thermodynamic limits, the search for post-silicon computational paradigms has become an existential imperative. This paper presents an exhaustive analysis of emerging computational paradigms spanning room-temperature thermodynamic sampling units, superconducting quantum circuit heat engines, and living biological organoid intelligence. We examine how non-trivial quantum biological phenomena—including environment-assisted quantum transport (ENAQT), enzymatic quantum tunneling, and open-system DNA proton dynamics—enable biological neural networks to achieve radical energy efficiency and sample efficiency. Furthermore, we deploy a closed-system game-theoretic framework to model the strategic behavior of state actors and tech conglomerates competing in the post-silicon intelligence race, highlighting the bio-quantum breakaway strategy and the geopolitical, ethical, and dual-use implications of wetware computing. KSCCN Mamun, SM (2026) …………………….…1 KSCCN The Architecture of Post-Silicon Intelligence: Quantum Thermodynamics, Biological Computing, and the Game-Theoretic Race for the Next Computational Paradigm Also available on Academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/attachments/133849341/download_file?s=portfolio
K SC This paper synthesises a multi-layered enquiry into quantum-enabled decision architectures within cellular systems. Beginning from the modular ultracold cryogenic and biomimetic principles that illuminate mitochondrial compartmentalisation, calcium microdomains and electron tunnelling, it proceeds to an examination of proposed quantum effects at neural synapses (SNARE-complex soliton tunnelling, ion-channel quantum transport, microtubule coherence) and culminates in the rigorous formalism of non-perturbative quantum transport models—transfer-matrix methods, nonequilibrium Green's functions and non-Markovian quantum Langevin equations. A unifying pattern emerges: hierarchical modular isolation of steep physical or electrochemical gradients coupled to controlled, distance-tuned exchange, operating at the quantum–classical boundary. This architecture is shown to support readable, threshold-governed decision processes (release or not; open or closed; flux or isolation). Ontological priority is accorded to the combinatorial and physical structures that exist independently of geometric realisation, while the epistemological trajectory traces progressive internalisation of geometric and quantum principles into cellular language. Limitations—decoherence, model reduction, absence of definitive in-vivo functional proof—are catalogued alongside concrete research vectors. Also available on Academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/attachments/133931970/download_file?s=portfolio
As superconducting quantized electric circuits continue to emerge as an exceptionally versatile and powerful platform for quantum computing and other quantum technologies, they also provide a rich foundation for exploring quantum thermodynamics. The study of heat transport in these circuits offers invaluable synergy as understanding the impact of thermal fluctuations becomes increasingly important for their operation. Heat engines represent one of the most fundamental classes of thermal devices, whether regarding classical or quantum applications. Although heat transport in superconducting circuits has been extensively studied, quantum heat engines (QHE) operating at the limit of a few excitation quanta had not been experimentally realized prior to this work. These engines offer valuable insight into the quantum thermodynamics of superconducting circuits. Beyond fundamental research, the beseeching goal is to develop integrated QHEs which generate useful work in conjunction with other quantum technologies. In this context, autonomous QHEs, capable of operating without coherent external control, are particularly compelling. In this thesis, we explore thermodynamics and quantum heat engines, with a particular focus on engineering quantum heat engines using superconducting circuits as our experimental platform. The presented research includes both experimental and theoretical advancements, focusing on driven and autonomous QHEs, respectively. First, we demonstrate that engineered environments in superconducting circuits can serve as effective thermal reservoirs for externally driven quantum heat engines. Experimentally, we show that a quantum-circuit refrigerator (QCR) can be used not only for cooling but also for heating the coupled circuit. This discovery imminently leads to the experimental realization of a quantum heat engine, where a quantum Otto cycle is driven in a transmon qubit coupled to the QCR. Second, regarding autonomous quantum heat engines, we theoretically show that non-linear optomechanical coupling can eliminate the need for external driving while providing a method for directly observing the work output. These promising theoretical results suggest that the experimental realization of an autonomous QHE is ultimately a matter of careful circuit engineering. However, achieving this experimentally remains a tantalising challenge for future research, beyond the scope of the present work.
This academic review synthesizes the methodological breakthrough of the May 2026 quantum-centric supercomputing (QCSC) milestone, which utilized the Embedded Wave Function (EWF) and Trimmed Sample-based Quantum Diagonalization (TrimSQD) algorithmic framework to achieve coupled-cluster-level accuracy in simulating protein-ligand complexes exceeding 12,000 atoms. This unprecedented computational capability provides the rigorous analytical foundation for quantum biology, specifically validating the indispensable role of quantum tunnelling in mitochondrial bioenergetics. Atomistic calculations confirm that electron tunnelling in Respiratory Complex III is governed by highly optimized superexchange pathways and conformational gating. Concurrently, mathematical modelling using the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation demonstrates that proton tunnelling through Complex I substantially reduces the required Mamun, SM (2026) ……………………………….1 Quantum-Centric Supercomputing and Quantum Tunnelling in Mitochondrial Bioenergetics: An Expanded Academic Review of Biomolecular Simulation Milestones and Photonic Bio-Quantum Horizons (Vol-III) K S C thermal activation energy for chemiosmosis by up to 45%, a finding supported by real-time optical detection using bio-nanoantennae. Also available on Academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/attachments/132704155/download_file?s=portfolio
In August 2026, IBM announced the successful interconnection and cooldown of its first modular cryogenic cells, marking a pivotal engineering milestone toward the delivery of IBM Quantum Starling, a projected fault-tolerant quantum computer targeted for 2029. These box-shaped, aluminium-framed dilution refrigerator modules operate below 15 millikelvin—more than 180 times colder than deep space—and provide approximately twelve times the wiring area of prior cylindrical systems. This paper undertakes a detailed enquiry into the mechanical and structural engineering of the IBM modular "quantum fridge," examines the underlying theoretical physics of dilution refrigeration and superconducting qubit thermalisation, surveys competing cryogenic designs and theoretical frameworks, assesses the implications for the scaling trajectory of quantum computing, and identifies emerging epistemological vectors that arise from the modularisation of ultracold infrastructure. Also available on Academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/attachments/133927739/download_file?s=portfolio
This paper evaluates the breakthrough in computational biophysics marked by the successful ab initio quantum simulation of protein complexes up to 12,635 atoms, achieved through a heterogeneous Quantum-Centric Supercomputing (QCSC) paradigm. By leveraging advanced quantum processors (IBM Heron r2) and classical HPC (Miyabi-G) with the novel EWF-TrimSQD algorithm, researchers surpassed previous simulation size limits by over 40-fold, enabling accurate calculation of fragment energies and ligand-binding affinities for systems like Trypsin-benzamidine. Beyond drug Mamun, SM (2026) ……………………………….1 Quantum-Centric Supercomputing and Photonic Bio-Quantum Architectures: An Exhaustive Evaluation of High-Fidelity Biomolecular Simulation and Mitochondrial Quantum Dynamics (Vol-II) K S C discovery, this capacity provides the empirical foundation for rigorous investigation into quantum biology. The paper details non-classical phenomena, including proton tunneling in ribosomal peptide bond formation and the highly efficient electron/proton tunneling within the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), highlighting how oxidative damage to these quantum pathways drives neurodegenerative pathology. Also available on Academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/attachments/132704084/download_file?s=portfolio