The global Quantum Information Science (QIS) ecosystem has reached a profound inflection point in 2026, transitioning aggressively from foundational research to industrial commercialization, geopolitical competition, and urgent security concerns. This report evaluates global quantum policy, focusing on the strategic architecture of the United States' National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act (NQIRA), which mandates a public-private hybrid model, shifts federal focus to commercial application, and integrates robust post-quantum cryptography (PQC) standards. This strategy is contrasted with the heavily centralized, state-led dominance of the People's Republic of China, the supranational infrastructure model of the European Union, and the procurement-driven commercialization framework of the United Kingdom. The central finding is the dramatic compression of the "Q-Day" timeline—the point at which cryptographically relevant quantum computers (CRQCs) break current public-key encryption. This acceleration is underpinned by the 2026 Oratomic breakthrough, which theoretically reduces the physical qubit requirement for executing Shor's algorithm from millions to as few as 10,000 using neutral-atom architectures. Also available on Academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/attachments/132693672/download_file?s=portfolio
The global Quantum Information Science (QIS) ecosystem has reached a profound inflection point in 2026, transitioning aggressively from foundational research to industrial commercialization, geopolitical competition, and urgent security concerns. This report evaluates global quantum policy, focusing on the strategic architecture of the United States' National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act (NQIRA), which mandates a public-private hybrid model, shifts federal focus to commercial application, and integrates robust post-quantum cryptography (PQC) standards. This strategy is contrasted with the heavily centralized, state-led dominance of the People's Republic of China, the supranational infrastructure model of the European Union, and the procurement-driven commercialization framework of the United Kingdom. The central finding is the dramatic compression of the "Q-Day" timeline—the point at which cryptographically relevant quantum computers (CRQCs) break current public-key encryption. This acceleration is underpinned by the 2026 Oratomic breakthrough, which theoretically reduces the physical qubit requirement for executing Shor's algorithm from millions to as few as 10,000 using neutral-atom architectures. Also available on Academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/attachments/132693672/download_file?s=portfolio
The quantum information science (QIS) ecosystem has reached a profound 2026 inflection point, driven by accelerated hardware and algorithmic breakthroughs that compress timelines for utility-scale, error-corrected quantum computing by five to ten years. This report analyzes the disruptive impacts and strategic imperatives for Base of the Pyramid (BoP) markets. The temporal compression creates a duality of risk and opportunity: on one hand, it poses an existential "Harvest Now, Decrypt Later" (HNDL) cybersecurity threat to foundational BoP digital financial infrastructure, demanding urgent Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) migration. On the other, it enables technological leapfrogging via Quantum-as-a-Service (QaaS) models and viable room-temperature neutral-atom architectures. The document comprehensively evaluates the deployment of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) and simulation for localized Sustainable Development Goal Mamun, SM (2026) ………………………………….1 Strategic Evaluation of Quantum Computing in Base of the Pyramid Markets: Accelerated Timelines, Frugal Innovation, and the Post-Quantum Transition (2026-2030) K S C (SDG)-aligned challenges, such as tropical disease drug discovery and precision agriculture optimization. Also available on Academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/attachments/132703231/download_file?s=portfolio
Quantum cybersecurity has emerged as a critical strategic issue at the intersection of national security, technological advancement, and digital sovereignty. As quantum computing technology advances toward practical implementation, the dual-edged nature of this revolutionary technology becomes increasingly apparent: while quantum computers threaten to break traditional encryption methods like RSA and ECC, they simultaneously promise to enable quantum-resistant algorithms through post-quantum cryptography (PQC). This comprehensive analysis examines the current state of quantum cybersecurity threats, the global investment landscape in quantum technologies, the vulnerability of critical sectors, and the urgent need for proactive migration to quantum-safe solutions. With NIST’s finalization of post-quantum cryptography standards in 2024 and projected quantum threats materializing by 2030, organizations across defense, finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure must accelerate their transition to quantum-resistant technologies. The geopolitical implications are profound, with China, the United States, and European Union engaging in an unprecedented quantum arms race that will determine future cybersecurity leadership and technological sovereignty.
This paper provides a comprehensive review of quantum readiness as a critical, multidimensional framework for navigating the upcoming quantum computing era. It addresses the imminent threat posed by cryptographically relevant quantum computers (CRQCs), which will be capable of breaking the public-key cryptographic systems (like RSA and ECC) that currently secure digital communications and e-commerce. The concept of ”harvest now, decrypt later” (HNDL), where adversaries collect encrypted data today to decrypt it once quantum computers are available, highlights the urgency of this transition. The review is structured around three key dimensions: the theoretical foundations of post-quantum cryptography (PQC), global standardization efforts, and real-world sectoral implementations. It discusses how quantum algorithms, specifically Shor’s and Grover’s algorithms, can render classical cryptography obsolete, and it analyzes the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Project, which has selected the first-generation PQC standards. The paper also examines strategies from the European Union and other nations, noting the geopolitical implications of standards fragmentation. Furthermore, the review explores the practical adoption of PQC in critical sectors like finance, telecommunications, and defense, emphasizing the importance of crypto-agility—the ability to rapidly switch cryptographic algorithms—for future-proofing systems. It also highlights open challenges, including performance overheads, legacy system migration, and the shortage of skilled professionals. The paper concludes by outlining future directions for a secure transition, advocating for continuous research, global collaboration, and sustained investment to build a quantum-resilient digital ecosystem.
This paper employs fractal mathematics principles to forecast Q-Day—the threshold at which fault-tolerant quantum computers can practically compromise public-key cryptography—over an 18-month horizon from December 2025. Synthesizing insights from recent advancements in quantum ecosystems, algorithmic hybrids for nonlinear matrix operations, and interdisciplinary frameworks integrating quantum entanglement with fractal geometries in high-dimensional computing, the analysis models technological progress as self-similar iterative processes. Utilizing iterated function systems and fractional dimensions (approximately 1.618, akin to the golden ratio), the fractal model projects accelerated convergence toward utility-scale systems, predicting Q-Day by late 2027 with a 70% probability within the specified timeframe. Key drivers include the end of the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era, polylogarithmic speedups in quantum algorithms, and recursive self-improvement in autopoietic multi-agent systems. Implications encompass urgent transitions to post-quantum cryptography, geopolitical divergences in investment strategies, and existential risks from quantum-AI synergies, advocating for coordinated policies in commercialization, international collaboration, and ethical regulation to mitigate vulnerabilities while harnessing transformative potential in cybersecurity, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. Also available on Academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/attachments/125804561/download_file?s=portfolio
The cybersecurity infrastructure of the digital age is facing an unprecedented threat with the rise of quantum computing. Current public-key cryptographic systems are at risk of being broken by quantum algorithms such as Shor’s and Grover’s. This threat has triggered a global effort, known as quantum readiness, which necessitates a proactive approach in both academia and the industry. This review article examines the fundamental dynamics of quantum readiness, academic research worldwide, and concrete applications in the cybersecurity sector. The article details the international competition led by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to define post-quantum cryptography (PQC) standards. It also analyzes the national PQC strategies of the US, the EU, China, and other Western countries, the transition processes in critical sectors like finance and telecommunications, and key concepts like crypto-agility. This study reveals that the quantum threat is not merely a theoretical possibility but a strategic security issue, and that preparing for this threat is vital for a seamless digital security future.
This report provides a comprehensive mapping of the global quantum technologies ecosystem, leveraging data on innovation, firms, investments, skills, trade flows, and policies to inform policymaking in a rapidly evolving field. Collaborating between the European Patent Office (EPO) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), it analyzes trends in quantum computing, communication, and sensing, highlighting strong growth in patenting activity (particularly in quantum computing), the role of startups and established firms, investment patterns favoring U.S. entities, skills demand focused on research roles, increasing trade dependencies on key suppliers like China, and government strategies in over 30 countries emphasizing R&D support. Key insights underscore Europe's solid innovation base but lower investment attraction compared to the U.S., systemic vulnerabilities in supply chains, and the need for policies to shift toward commercialization and international collaboration. As quantum technologies approach maturity, the report advocates for coordinated efforts to harness their transformative potential in areas like cybersecurity, healthcare, and environmental monitoring while mitigating risks and ensuring equitable development. Mamun, SM (2025)…………………………………………………..1 Quantum Computing 2025: State of Play across Geopolitical, Security, and Economic Paradigms Also available on Academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/attachments/125804167/download_file?s=portfolio