The Bell/EPR experiments are widely interpreted as supporting the no-signaling theorem inquantum entanglement by utilizing detector settings adjusted faster than light-travel timeto test locality [Aspect et al., 1982, Giustina et al., 2015]. This family of experiments, however, reveals a critical conceptual oversight: it presupposes faster-than-light (FTL) influencesas finite-speed propagation processes, rather than considering instantaneous state updatesinherent to non-local correlations as proposed in early quantum interpretations [Einsteinet al., 1935]. This assumption renders the timing of detector switches irrelevant, as entangled state correlations are established instantaneously upon state preparation. This paperelucidates this oversight, demonstrating that these experiments do not conclusively ruleout instantaneous transmission of information under all interpretations, thereby challengingtheir standard conclusions. We propose that new discrete-state experiments be designed tospecifically test for instantaneous state updates, advancing our understanding of quantumnon-locality
The Bell/EPR experiments are widely interpreted as supporting the no-signaling theorem inquantum entanglement by utilizing detector settings adjusted faster than light-travel timeto test locality [Aspect et al., 1982, Giustina et al., 2015]. This family of experiments, however, reveals a critical conceptual oversight: it presupposes faster-than-light (FTL) influencesas finite-speed propagation processes, rather than considering instantaneous state updatesinherent to non-local correlations as proposed in early quantum interpretations [Einsteinet al., 1935]. This assumption renders the timing of detector switches irrelevant, as entangled state correlations are established instantaneously upon state preparation. This paperelucidates this oversight, demonstrating that these experiments do not conclusively ruleout instantaneous transmission of information under all interpretations, thereby challengingtheir standard conclusions. We propose that new discrete-state experiments be designed tospecifically test for instantaneous state updates, advancing our understanding of quantumnon-locality
Present understanding of non-possibility of Quantum communication rests on analysis of possibility of signalling within a Quantum system. Is it possible to achieve signalling by a setup where the system is changed from one to another where the act of change serves as the signal and the change in the measurement probabilities would be detected and deciphered at the receiver end? A proposal is made where a variant of Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser experiment setup of Kim et al is used to achieve the same. The setup is also designed such that the speed of communication can be faster than light. NonLocality and Quantum communication Nonlocality is a feature of Quantum Mechanics that has been firmly established through experiments [Aspect et al, 1981] and well accepted now. Entangled particles separated by a distance still are part of one entity and when that entity changes state by a measurement in one part of it the change happens instantaneously across the domain the entity pervades. Is it possible to use this instantaneous state change to transmit information across at high speeds, faster than light (FTL)? This issue has been dealt with from the time the Einstein raised the EPR paradox [Einstein et al,1935] and has been claimed to be impossible and shown to be so by Peres, [Peres and Tenko, 2004] through the no-communication theorem which shows that any amount of signalling by Alice through measurements done at one end of the quantum system would not be sufficient for Bob to detect and decipher at the other end of the system. However the discussions in literature (as above) always deal with information transfer within a stable quantum system by making measurements at one end and analysing the possibility of detecting it at the other end. Peres and Tenko analyse a Quantum System S of mixed-state where Alice and Bob make measurements at their ends of the system. The authors derive the probability that Bob’s outcome is ν as
Starting from the late 60’s many experiments have been performed to verify the violation Bell’s inequality by Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) type correlations. The idea of these experiments being that: (i) Bell’s inequality is a consequence of locality, hence its experimental violation is an indication of non locality; (ii) this violation is a typical quantum phenomenon because any classical system making local choices (either deterministic or random) will produce correlations satisfying this inequality. Both statements (i) and (ii) have been criticized by quantum probability on theoretical grounds (not discussed in the present paper) and the experiment discussed below has been devised to support these theoretical arguments. We emphasize that the goal of our experiment is not to reproduce classically the EPR correlations but to prove that there exist perfectly local classical dynamical systems violating Bell’s inequality. The conclusions of the present experiment are: no contradiction between quantum theory and locality can be deduced from the violation of Bell’s inequality. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum theory becomes quite reasonable and not metaphyisic if interpreted at the light of the chameleon effect. One can realize quantum entanglement by classical computers. In section (7) we prove that our experiment also provides a classical analogue of the type of logical (i.e. independent of statistics) incompatibilities pointed out by Greenberger, Home and Zeilinger. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Bell's Theorem demonstrates that factorizable theories for the EPR experiment (EPR) cannot reproduce the quantum correlations. Factorizability is motivated by various locality conditions. So to understand the nature of nonlocality in EPR, we first need to understand the conceptual relations between factorizability, these various locality conditions and the nature of the quantum correlations. That is the main focus of my thesis. My main conclusion is that these conceptual relations are more subtle than the literature has usually suggested. Chapter 1 is a general introduction. In Chapter 2, I review the general framework of factorizable stochastic theories for EPR. I argue that factorizability can be motivated by various locality conditions, even in theories that admit time-dependent states and take the measurement interactions to be neither instantaneous, nor simultaneous. In Chapter 3, I focus on Cartwright' s (1989) and Humphreys' (1989) theories of probabilistic causation for singular events, which are based on modifications of traditional causal linear modelling. I argue (against Cartwright) that local models for EPR in the framework of these theories are committed to factorizability; and so they cannot reproduce the EPR correlations. In Chapter 4, I turn to Stochastic-Einstein Locality (SEL). Hellman (1982) proposed that SEL with some provisos characterizes the No-Superluminal-Action (NSA) of the Special Theory of Relativity (STR), and he argued that SEL is not violated in EPR. Butterfield (1994) proposed that SEL (without Hellman's provisos) characterizes the lack of superluminal Lewisian causation, and he argued that SEL is violated in EPR. I argue that SEL (without Hellman's provisos) is motivated by NSA and spatiotemporal separability. Thus, the violation of SEL might arise from the failure of spatiotemporal separability. And this failure is compatible with NSA and superluminal Lewisian causation. Accordingly, Hellman's and Butterfield's views need not be in tension. In Chapter 5, I focus on the implications for nonlocality of Jarrett's (1984) analysis of factorizability into "locality" and "completeness". I argue that although this analysis cannot distinguish between failures of factorizability which are compatible with STR and those which are not, it is significant for clarifying the implications of Bell's theorem for nonlocality. In Chapter 6, I qmsider three arguments that are intended to deny superluminal causal propagation in EPR, and a fourth argument that is intended to establish the opposite conclusion. I argue that in various ways these arguments have gone wrong. Three of these argument rely on implicit assumptions that have been overlooked. Accordingly, two of them reached a reasonable conclusion, i.e. the failure of separability, for the wrong reasons; whereas the third reached a wrong conclusion, i.e. that the failure of the contiguity of causal processes explains the failure of factorizability in EPR. The fourth relies on a wrong assumption, and thus it reaches a too strong conclusion, that the EPR correlations require superluminal action. My main conclusion is that the quantum correlations require nonseparability . In Chapter 7, I focus on decision theory in the context of EPR. In both EPR and the famous Newcomb's problem (NewProb), there are unscreenable-off correlations. I argue that NewProb can be related to EPR, in the sense that a NewProb can be realized by that experiment.
This paper demonstrates the capability to simulate EPR experiments in a realistic way (i.e.without transmission of information between the source and the detector) and confirms even more the Bell's theorem, by demonstrating that effectively non-local variables are required to violate the Bell's inequality.Unlike all EPR experiments, this modeling instead of simply noting the inadequacy of a local modeling proposes a new way of non-local idealization.These simulations work on spreadsheet by idealizing objects with a non-linear notion, the extended object.This allows to set up a new principle of locality (or non-locality) and a new meaning on the loopholes of EPR experiments.It sheds new light on several concepts of Quantum Mechanics (QM): the quantum states (would represent an equivalence class of many different indistinguishable objects seen as equivalent in terms of measurement), the wave function (would represent a probability on this equivalence class seen as a single set despite different probabilities of happening for the individual objects composing this equivalence class), the measurement (in our simulation, the measured object is not modified), the superposition of states (in our simulation, Schrödinger's cat is never both dead and alive).These simulations lead to several kinds of EPR experiments with violations of the Bell's inequalities with values different from the QM, allow to realize entanglements with more than 2 objects (whatever the number of Alice and Bob) or even with more than 2 results (beyond the only "+1" or "-1" outputs).Many questions remain to be explored in the physics domain on quantum phenomena (teleportation, encryption, quantum computing, etc.), but this theoretical approach also reveals the necessity of developing new non-linear tools in mathematics domain and seems to show that QM could finally be a limit case of a more fundamental nonlinear physics theory founded on these How to cite this paper: Le Corre, S.
Abstract Claims that entanglement, or non-local interaction ("spooky action-at-a-distance), has been experimentally proven are false. The claims are based entirely on the fact that the results of experiments performed to test that issue (EPR-Bohm experiments) violate various theoretical inequalities (Bell Inequalities).The various Bell Inequalities used to interpret the results of EPR-Bohm experiments are shown to be inappropriate for such experiments. The inequalities do not correctly provide for the correlation between the particles in each pair, which is the essence of such experiments; and therefore the inequalities are irrelevant. Claims that the results of such experiments, because they violate the inequalities, require the conclusion that the measurement of one particle in an "entangled" pair can instantly affect the state of its partner, even at great distances, are untrue and need to be modified.
This paper demonstrates the capability to simulate EPR experiments in a realistic way (i.e. without transmission of information between the source and the detector) and confirms even more the Bell’s theorem, by demonstrating that effectively non-local variables are required to violate the Bell’s inequality. Unlike all EPR experiments, this modeling instead of simply noting the inadequacy of a local modeling proposes a new way of non-local idealization. These simulations work on spreadsheet by idealizing objects with a non-linear notion, the extended object. This allows to set up a new principle of locality (or non-locality) and a new meaning on the loopholes of EPR experiments. It sheds new light on several concepts of Quantum Mechanics (QM): the quantum states (would represent an equivalence class of many different indistinguishable objects seen as equivalent in terms of measurement), the wave function (would represent a probability on this equivalence class seen as a single set despite different probabilities of happening for the individual objects composing this equivalence class), the measurement (in our simulation, the measured object is not modified), the superposition of states (in our simulation, Schrödinger's cat is never both dead and alive). These simulations lead to several kinds of EPR experiments with violations of the Bell’s inequalities with values different from the QM, allow to realize entanglements with more than 2 objects (whatever the number of Alice and Bob) or even with more than 2 results (beyond the only “+1” or “-1” outputs). Many questions remain to be explored in the physics domain on quantum phenomena (teleportation, encryption, quantum computing, etc.…), but this theoretical approach also reveals the necessity of developing new non-linear tools in mathematics domain and seems to show that QM could finally be a limit case of a more fundamental nonlinear physics theory founded on these extended objects. This observation is strangely reminiscent of developments such as string theory.