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环境属性理论视角下的物理学统计来源与电子衍射现象

海兵 林

Published Sep 23, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

Abstract The Environmental Attribute Theory (EAT, 环境属性理论) attributes the root of physical motion to the attribute response (属性响应) of objects to the imbalance of the environmental medium field (环境介质场), and force is an a posteriori measure (后验度量) of this response rather than the cause of motion. Based on the EAT framework, this paper systematically discusses two interrelated core propositions: First, the origin of statistical description in physics lies in cognitive informational incompleteness (认知信息不完备), rather than intrinsic randomness (内禀随机性) of nature. Starting from Lin Haibing's Second Law (林海兵第二定律), this paper points out that the necessary and sufficient conditions for determinism of motion are that the initial conditions are knowable and the time evolution of environmental parameters is knowable. Macroscopic objects satisfy these two conditions, so their trajectories are determinate; microscopic particles (electrons, molecules, etc.) have extremely small masses and cannot smooth out high-frequency perturbations of the environmental medium field (density fluctuations, temperature fluctuations, electromagnetic fluctuations, etc.), and the initial conditions and evolution processes of these microscopic fluctuations are in principle not completely knowable, so statistical description must be adopted. The velocity fluctuation variance (速度涨落方差) $\langle |\Delta \vec{v}|^2 \rangle \propto 1/m^2$ reveals dimensionally the suppression mechanism of mass on random effects. Statistical distributions (Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, 麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼分布; diffraction patterns, 衍射图样, etc.) are optimal descriptions under conditions of informational incompleteness, rather than fundamental features of natural law. Second, electron diffraction phenomena can be given a deterministic explanation (决定论解释) without introducing wave-particle duality (波粒二象性). This paper proposes the "electron cloud network structure" (电子云网络结构) model: in crystals or solid materials, the extranuclear electron clouds of adjacent atoms couple through the Dianxon medium field (电性子介质场) to form a spatially periodic network structure; incident electrons, subject to Coulomb repulsion, preferentially pass through the grid gaps where the electron cloud density is lower; the statistical cumulative distribution of a large number of electrons is the diffraction pattern, whose mathematical form is equivalent to the squared modulus of the Fourier transform of the permeability function (通透性函数) $P(\vec{r})$, naturally yielding the single-slit diffraction formula $I(\theta) \propto (\sin\beta/\beta)^2$, the double-slit interference factor $\cos^2(\pi d \sin\theta/\lambda)$, and the Bragg condition for crystal diffraction $\vec{k}_{\text{out}} - \vec{k}_{\text{in}} = \vec{G}$. This explanation dissolves the paradox of "an electron passing through two slits simultaneously," requires no concept of wave function collapse (波函数坍缩), and restores the deterministic picture of physics. This paper further lists four testable experimental predictions (可检验的实验预言): the dependence of diffraction patterns on the composition of edge materials, the modulation of diffraction patterns by temperature, the reduction of diffraction blurring by environmental shielding, and the repeatability of single-electron landing positions under extreme conditions. These predictions differ fundamentally from the expectations of orthodox quantum mechanics (正统量子力学), forming the basis for decisive experiments (判决性实验). EAT covers the same experimental facts with fewer ontological assumptions (本体论假设) (no wave-particle duality, no collapse, no intrinsic randomness), providing an alternative, deterministic causal explanatory framework (决定论因果解释框架) for understanding quantum phenomena. Keywords: Environmental Attribute Theory (环境属性理论); origin of statistics (统计起源); determinism (决定论); electron diffraction (电子衍射); electron cloud network structure (电子云网络结构); informational incompleteness (信息不完备); wave-particle duality (波粒二象性)

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.22908955

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Description: This study provides a testable geometric origin explanation for wave-particle duality in quantum mechanics, starting from first principles of discrete geometry. Core Scientific Question While the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics can precisely predict experimental phenomena such as double-slit interference, the physical origin of wave-particle duality itself has long been treated as a fundamental axiom, lacking deeper explanation. This work attempts to answer: Could quantum phenomena arise from the collective statistical behavior of more fundamental discrete geometric structures? Theoretical Framework Based on a recently developed discrete geometry framework, we regard continuous spacetime as emerging from the topological gluing and recursive folding of Cantor sets. This geometric construction naturally leads to defect structures carrying intrinsic degrees of freedom, whose statistical fluctuations manifest as random noise accompanying the geometric phase field. The two-point correlation of the noise characterizes thermalization information, while higher-order correlations carry non-Gaussian information and long-term memory. Core Predictions For the double-slit interference experiment, we derive a coherence evolution formula and make three directly testable predictions: First, even under strong which-path measurement, interference fringes will exhibit residual visibility due to contributions from higher-order noise correlations, with magnitude between one-thousandth and one-hundredth. This stands in sharp contrast to the complete disappearance predicted by standard decoherence theory. Second, the decoherence process exhibits biexponential behavior, with fast and slow time scales whose ratio ranges from one hundred to one thousand. Third, path information and interference visibility satisfy a specific conservation relation, reflecting the intrinsic constraints on information transformation in discrete geometry. Experimental Proposal We propose a quantum optics experiment using squeezed light to test these predictions. The scheme employs nano-fabricated double slits and single-photon sources with tunable statistical properties, directly verifying the physical effects of higher-order correlations by comparing interference visibility differences between squeezed and coherent light sources. Current single-photon source technology already possesses the capability to resolve the required precision. Scientific Significance If the predictions are confirmed, this would for the first time experimentally establish quantum phenomena as collective statistical manifestations of discrete geometric structures, providing a geometric origin explanation for the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and an objective, consciousness-free mechanism for wavefunction collapse. Furthermore, this would provide tabletop experimental evidence for Planck-scale spacetime discreteness, building a bridge between quantum foundations and cosmological information research. If falsified, this would constrain microscopic parameters in the theory, pushing the model toward more complex colored noise generalizations. 描述: 本研究从离散几何的第一原理出发,为量子力学中的波粒二象性提供了一个可检验的几何起源解释。 核心科学问题 量子力学的数学形式主义能够精确预测双缝干涉等实验现象,但波粒二象性本身的物理起源长期被视为基本公理,缺乏更深层次的解释。本工作试图回答:量子现象是否可能源于更基本的离散几何结构的集体统计行为? 理论框架 基于近期发展的离散几何框架,我们将连续时空视为从康托尔集的拓扑粘合与递归折叠中涌现的结果。这一几何构建自然导出了带有内禀自由度的缺陷结构,其统计涨落表现为伴随几何相场的随机噪声。噪声的两点关联刻画热化信息,而高阶关联则携带非高斯信息和长期记忆。 核心预言 针对双缝干涉实验,我们推导了相干度演化公式,并作出三个可直接检验的预言: 第一,即使在强路径测量下,由于噪声高阶关联的贡献,干涉条纹仍将存在残余可见度,其量级在千分之一到百分之一之间。这与标准退相干理论预言的完全消失形成鲜明对比。 第二,退相干过程呈现双指数行为,存在快慢两个时间尺度,其比值在百倍到千倍之间。 第三,路径信息与干涉可见度满足特定的守恒关系,反映了离散几何中信息转化的内在约束。 实验方案 我们提出了一个基于压缩态光的量子光学实验方案来检验上述预言。该方案利用纳米加工双缝和可调统计性质的单光子源,通过比较压缩态与相干态光源的干涉可见度差异,直接验证高阶关联的物理效应。当前单光子源技术已具备分辨所需精度的能力。 科学意义 若预言被证实,将首次从实验上确立量子现象是离散几何结构的集体统计表现,为海森堡不确定性原理提供几何起源解释,并为波函数坍缩提供无需意识的客观机制。同时,这将为普朗克尺度的时空离散性提供桌面实验证据,架起量子基础与宇宙学信息研究的桥梁。若被证伪,则将约束理论中的微观参数,推动模型向更复杂的有色噪声方向拓展。

•Feb 25, 2026•0 citations
Abstract The Environmental Attribute Theory (EAT, 环境属性理论) attributes the root of physical motion to the attribute response (属性响应) of objects to the imbalance of the environmental medium field (环境介质场), and force is an a posteriori measure (后验度量) of this response rather than the cause of motion. Based on the EAT framework, this paper systematically discusses two interrelated core propositions: First, the origin of statistical description in physics lies in cognitive informational incompleteness (认知信息不完备), rather than intrinsic randomness (内禀随机性) of nature. Starting from Lin Haibing's Second Law (林海兵第二定律), this paper points out that the necessary and sufficient conditions for determinism of motion are that the initial conditions are knowable and the time evolution of environmental parameters is knowable. Macroscopic objects satisfy these two conditions, so their trajectories are determinate; microscopic particles (electrons, molecules, etc.) have extremely small masses and cannot smooth out high-frequency perturbations of the environmental medium field (density fluctuations, temperature fluctuations, electromagnetic fluctuations, etc.), and the initial conditions and evolution processes of these microscopic fluctuations are in principle not completely knowable, so statistical description must be adopted. The velocity fluctuation variance (速度涨落方差) ⟨∣Δv⃗∣2⟩∝1/m2\langle |\Delta \vec{v}|^2 \rangle \propto 1/m^2⟨∣Δv∣2⟩∝1/m2 reveals dimensionally the suppression mechanism of mass on random effects. Statistical distributions (Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, 麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼分布; diffraction patterns, 衍射图样, etc.) are optimal descriptions under conditions of informational incompleteness, rather than fundamental features of natural law. Second, electron diffraction phenomena can be given a deterministic explanation (决定论解释) without introducing wave-particle duality (波粒二象性). This paper proposes the "electron cloud network structure" (电子云网络结构) model: in crystals or solid materials, the extranuclear electron clouds of adjacent atoms couple through the Dianxon medium field (电性子介质场) to form a spatially periodic network structure; incident electrons, subject to Coulomb repulsion, preferentially pass through the grid gaps where the electron cloud density is lower; the statistical cumulative distribution of a large number of electrons is the diffraction pattern, whose mathematical form is equivalent to the squared modulus of the Fourier transform of the permeability function (通透性函数) P(r⃗)P(\vec{r})P(r), naturally yielding the single-slit diffraction formula I(θ)∝(sin⁡β/β)2I(\theta) \propto (\sin\beta/\beta)^2I(θ)∝(sinβ/β)2, the double-slit interference factor cos⁡2(πdsin⁡θ/λ)\cos^2(\pi d \sin\theta/\lambda)cos2(πdsinθ/λ), and the Bragg condition for crystal diffraction k⃗out−k⃗in=G⃗\vec{k}_{\text{out}} - \vec{k}_{\text{in}} = \vec{G}kout​−kin​=G. This explanation dissolves the paradox of "an electron passing through two slits simultaneously," requires no concept of wave function collapse (波函数坍缩), and restores the deterministic picture of physics. This paper further lists four testable experimental predictions (可检验的实验预言): the dependence of diffraction patterns on the composition of edge materials, the modulation of diffraction patterns by temperature, the reduction of diffraction blurring by environmental shielding, and the repeatability of single-electron landing positions under extreme conditions. These predictions differ fundamentally from the expectations of orthodox quantum mechanics (正统量子力学), forming the basis for decisive experiments (判决性实验). EAT covers the same experimental facts with fewer ontological assumptions (本体论假设) (no wave-particle duality, no collapse, no intrinsic randomness), providing an alternative, deterministic causal explanatory framework (决定论因果解释框架) for understanding quantum phenomena. Keywords: Environmental Attribute Theory (环境属性理论); origin of statistics (统计起源); determinism (决定论); electron diffraction (电子衍射); electron cloud network structure (电子云网络结构); informational incompleteness (信息不完备); wave-particle duality (波粒二象性)
传统物理理论将宏观物体坠落归因于万有引力,将微观双缝干涉归因于波粒二象性,两套体系相互割裂且存在无法解释的核心缺陷。本文提出秦斌全域极性场理论,从元素核外电子数量出发,建立微观极性倍率、物质固有极性系数、星体磁场等效宏观极性系数及介质极性阻力系数的完整计算体系,实现了宏观物体坠落与微观粒子运动的统一演算。通过对 1604 年伽利略比萨斜塔实验、1971 年阿波罗 15 号月球落体实验、2004 年 NASA 真空落体实验、2019 年高空自由落体实验及 1801 年托马斯・杨双缝干涉实验的重新验证,本理论计算结果与实测数据的平均准确率达 99.86%,证明了极性相互作用是所有物质运动的本质原因,为经典力学与量子力学提供了统一的底层解释框架。 Traditional physical theories attribute macroscopic object falling to universal gravitation and microscopic double-slit interference to wave-particle duality. These two systems are mutually separated and have core defects that cannot be explained. This paper proposes Qin Bin's Universal Polarity Field Theory, starting from the number of extranuclear electrons of elements, establishes a complete calculation system of microscopic polarity multiplier, intrinsic polarity coefficient of matter, equivalent macroscopic polarity coefficient of stellar magnetic field and medium polarity resistance coefficient, realizing unified calculation of macroscopic object falling and microscopic particle motion. Through re-verification of the 1604 Galileo Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment, the 1971 Apollo 15 lunar falling experiment, the 2004 NASA vacuum falling experiment, the 2019 high-altitude free fall experiment and the 1801 Thomas Young double-slit interference experiment, the average accuracy of the theoretical calculation results reaches 99.86%, proving that polarity interaction is the essential cause of all matter motion, and providing a unified underlying explanatory framework for classical mechanics and quantum mechanics.
DESCRIPTION This work presents a complete, deterministic framework for quantum mechanics derived entirely from a single, testable postulate: the density of quantum space. The Core Problem For over a century, quantum mechanics has been interpreted as a theory of fundamental randomness, wave-particle duality, instantaneous jumps, and irreducible uncertainty. The standard Copenhagen interpretation treats the wave function as a probability amplitude, measurement as a "collapse" of that probability, and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle as a fundamental limit of nature. This work demonstrates that all these "mysteries" are not properties of nature—they are artifacts of our limited perception. We observe quantum phenomena through slow, macroscopic instruments that cannot resolve the actual continuous dynamics occurring in a space that is 6.54 trillion times denser than what we perceive as "empty space." The Fundamental Postulate The foundation of this work is a single, geometrically derived constant: ρ = (number of Planck lengths in 1 mm) / (number of millimeters in 1 light-year) = 6.54 × 10¹² Physical Meaning: One millimeter of physical space contains 6.54 trillion times more quantum spatial units than one light-year contains millimeters. What we perceive as "empty space" is actually a dense, discrete, information-rich medium. The entire observable universe (93 billion light-years in diameter) maps to only 0.014 light-years in quantum space—well within our Solar System. Consequence: The density inversion explains why quantum phenomena appear strange: we are observing a dense, fast, discrete reality through slow, coarse, macroscopic instruments. The apparent "weirdness" is not in nature—it is in our perception. The Comprehensive Law From the density postulate and classical physics (Newton, Coulomb, Maxwell, Einstein), a single comprehensive law is derived that contains all known physics as limit cases: E(t,v,n) = (m₀c²/ρ) · ‖n‖ · √(1 + (γv/c)²) · sin(2πt/T) This formula contains: Einstein's E = mc² as the limit ρ → 1, ‖n‖ → 1, sin → 1, v ≪ c Newtonian mechanics as the limit v ≪ c Special relativity as the limit ρ → 1, ‖n‖ → 1, sin → 1 Quantum mechanics as the discrete geometry n ∈ ℤ³ and resonance sin(2πt/T) Each term has a precise physical meaning: the rest mass energy (m₀c²) is scaled by the quantum space density (1/ρ), modified by the position relative to the absolute zero point Z₀ (‖n‖), adjusted for relativistic motion (√(1 + (γv/c)²)), and modulated by temporal resonance (sin(2πt/T)). Resolution of All Quantum Paradoxes Wave-Particle Duality = Optical Illusion The electron is always a localized particle with a definite trajectory. The "wave" is the charge density distribution—a standing wave in the dense quantum medium. From the standing wave condition 2πr = nλ, the Poynting vector in the far field is exactly zero (S = 0), meaning the electron does not radiate. The apparent "wave behavior" is an optical illusion caused by the density ρ smearing the point-like trajectory in our low-resolution projection. Wave Function = Energy Density, Not Probability The squared modulus of the wave function |Ψ|² is the energy density fraction, not a probability density. The particle itself follows a deterministic trajectory y(t) = v₀t - ½g₀t². Probability appears only because we cannot resolve the trajectory (due to t_total = 118 as ≪ Δt_instr) and we do not know the initial phase φ of the oscillation. Schrödinger Equation = Effective Approximation The Schrödinger equation is an effective, averaged description of how the energy density evolves. The fundamental law is classical motion in the dense quantum medium. The Schrödinger equation emerges when we average over the fast oscillation sin(2πt/T), ignore the density force F_ρ, and treat trajectories statistically. Quantization = Resonance, Not Arbitrary Jumps Energy levels are the resonant harmonics of the quantum space medium. The standing wave condition 2πr = nλ gives E_n = -13.6 eV/n²—exactly the same physics as a vibrating string. Only frequencies that satisfy the standing wave condition are stable. The transition between levels is not an instantaneous "jump" but a continuous trajectory y(t) = v₀t - ½g₀t² with total duration t_total = 118 as. The apparent "instantaneous jump" is an artifact of our slow instruments. Heisenberg Uncertainty = Collision, Not Fundamental Limit The uncertainty product depends on the measurement geometry: Δx·Δp = h·tan(θ/2), where θ is the scattering angle of the measurement photon. As θ → 0 (forward scattering with perfect detection), the product approaches zero. There is no fundamental lower bound. The uncertainty is a practical limitation of invasive measurement—we disturb the particle's trajectory when we hit it with a photon. Quantum Randomness = Ignorance Residual "quantum randomness" is simply unmodeled environmental force noise. The apparent randomness arises from three sources: temporal resolution (t_total = 118 as ≪ Δt_instr—we cannot resolve the trajectory), initial phase ignorance (we do not know the phase φ of sin(2πt/T)), and measurement perturbation (we do not know the exact collision parameters). If we could measure the outgoing photon completely and know the initial phase, the outcome would be fully deterministic. Randomness is in our ignorance, not in nature. Five Testable Predictions The theory makes five clear, quantitative predictions that distinguish it from standard quantum mechanics: Prediction 1 - Electron Transit Time: The electron transit time during the n=1 → n=2 transition in hydrogen is 118 ± 5 attoseconds. Standard quantum mechanics predicts zero duration (instantaneous jump). Testable with attosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Prediction 2 - Heisenberg Product Can Approach Zero: With better detectors, the uncertainty product Δx·Δp can approach zero, not ħ/2. Standard quantum mechanics predicts Δx·Δp ≥ ħ/2 always. Testable with weak measurement experiments. Prediction 3 - Energy Oscillation at 116 kHz: The energy of gold-197 oscillates at 116 kHz with amplitude 1.252 × 10⁻²⁶ J. Standard quantum mechanics predicts constant energy for a given state. Testable with precision spectroscopy. Prediction 4 - Bell Inequality Violations Decrease with Measurement Strength: As measurement impulse strength decreases, Bell inequality violations decrease. Standard quantum mechanics predicts violations are independent of measurement strength. Testable with weak measurement entanglement experiments. Prediction 5 - Quantum Randomness is Environmental Noise: Residual "quantum randomness" equals unmodeled environmental force noise. Full force accounting restores classical determinism. Standard quantum mechanics predicts randomness is fundamental and irreducible. Testable with complete force reconstruction in closed quantum systems. The Absolute Zero Point Z₀ This work introduces Z₀ = (0,0,0) as a universal, absolute reference point in quantum space. Every point in space has a discrete address: n = (n_r, n_θ, n_φ), ‖n‖ = √(n_r² + n_θ² + n_φ²) Z₀ is physically grounded in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) rest frame, vacuum energy (the lowest possible energy state), and the geometric center of the quantum space lattice. This eliminates the relativity of reference frames—providing an absolute coordinate system that standard physics lacks. Mathematical Consistency The work provides rigorous derivations of: The density ρ from first principles (Planck length, electron mass, fine structure constant) The quantum coordinate norm ‖n‖ from the discrete metric of quantum space The oscillation period T from the de Broglie relation The coupling constant ε from fundamental constants The regularized metric eliminating all singularities The thermodynamic properties of quantum space (entropy, temperature, heat capacity) The covariant Einstein equation in quantum space The connection to quantum anomalies and topological invariants The Lamb shift from quantum space density oscillation Dark energy from quantum space density variation Comparison with Other Approaches String theory requires approximately 10⁵⁰⁰ free parameters and offers no testable predictions with current technology, while introducing new physics such as strings, extra dimensions, and supersymmetry. Loop quantum gravity requires approximately 10 parameters and also offers no testable predictions, introducing spin networks and loop quantization. Both approaches have difficulty connecting to the Standard Model. In contrast, this theory has only one parameter (ρ, which is derived from fundamental constants rather than being free), offers five testable predictions with current or near-future technology, requires no new physics beyond standard physics applied in a dense medium, and connects directly to the Standard Model through the energy-momentum tensor. The Core Message Quantum mechanics is not magic. It is not a new kind of physics. It is the same old physics—Newton, Maxwell, Coulomb—operating in a space that is 6.54 trillion times denser than we perceive. Three things to remember: Space is dense, not empty. What we call "empty space" is actually a dense, discrete medium. We are the ones who are sparse—not the universe. The particle has a trajectory. Every particle follows a precise, continuous path. We don't see it because our instruments are too slow. The path exists—we just can't resolve it. Energy breathes. Energy is not a static number. It oscillates in time, like a heartbeat. The universe is alive with resonance. Conclusion This work demonstrates that quantum mechanics is not a theory of fundamental randomness and irreducible uncertainty. It is the low-resolution, static-space approximation of a deeper, deterministic, dynamic reality. The deeper reality is quantum space—dense, discrete, resonant, and absolute. The final statement of this
The mainstream system of physics today is shackled by three major theoretical frameworks that fundamentally deviate from research rooted in matter and objective reality. All three are constructed based on abstract assumptions that contradict intuitive material motion and formal logic. First, the geometric metaphysical system derived from General Relativity, including spacetime curvature, Einstein’s field equations, extra dimensions, gravitational waves, black hole singularities, the Big Bang, dark matter, dark energy, spacetime distortion, wormholes and other related flawed propositions. This framework arbitrarily reinterprets gravitational effects of celestial bodies as unobservable geometric deformations of spacetime, and fabricates the concept of "gravitational waves" claimed to propagate at the speed of light. Quantitative calculations targeting the 1.3-billion-light-year black hole merger event prove that the field equations artificially set a mere 5% mass loss ratio. The calculated amplitude of gravitational fluctuations is tens of thousands of times larger than values derived from Newtonian mechanics consistent with real material transformation rules. This parameter is only a fitting tool to match detected signals, contradicting the objective law that all solid matter converts into photon plasma and gravitational force vanishes completely after celestial mergers. When calculations from the field equations conflict with galactic observational data, scholars invent unobservable hypothetical concepts such as dark matter, dark energy and extra dimensions to patch theoretical gaps, deliberately ignoring empirically verifiable physical mechanisms including interstellar plasma refraction and instantaneous action-at-a-distance gravitational force between celestial bodies. Second, the probabilistic idealistic interpretation of quantum mechanics, covering quantum superposition, Schrödinger’s cat, wave function collapse, observer effect, probability clouds, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and subjectively biased explanations of quantum entanglement. This system breaks the law of contradiction in formal logic by asserting that objects can simultaneously hold mutually exclusive states, and arbitrarily proposes wave-particle duality to misclassify photons as entities possessing both wave and particle properties. Researchers deliberately avoid measuring fundamental parameters of photons such as vibration amplitude, vibration angle and vibration frequency. Intuitive experimental contrasts show interference and diffraction fringes only emerge when single/double slits are present, yet existing experimental equipment is fully capable of clarifying interactive mechanisms between photons and slit walls. Relevant foundational measurements have long been neglected. Third, the standard model’s artificially fitted spectrum of confined hypothetical particles, including quarks, gluons, the Higgs boson, neutrinos, virtual photons, quark-gluon plasma, etc. Heavy-ion collision experiments conducted at laboratories such as CERN can generate extreme temperatures of 2 trillion to 4 trillion degrees Celsius. Under such conditions, all solid particles fully dissociate into pure gamma photon clusters. However, to preserve the integrity of the standard model, scholars falsely claim stable quarks and gluons persist at ultrahigh temperatures, naming dense photon fireballs "quark-gluon plasma". They also introduce undetectable virtual photons to explain bidirectional conversion between photons and solid particles, fabricating imaginary intermediaries to obscure the straightforward objective law of energy-matter transformation, entirely abandoning the scientific spirit of pursuing objective truth. This paper clearly states its core stand: photons are pure energy particles with no inherent wave characteristics. The so-called "gravitational waves" defined by General Relativity do not exist objectively. The oscillating signals captured by detectors merely reflect variations in gravitational magnitude caused by relative motion of celestial bodies, rather than ripples propagating through spacetime. Gravitational force never travels in wave form. These three theoretical frameworks are tightly intertwined, forming a self-enclosed paradigm culture that prioritizes defending existing theories over exploring objective reality. They consume massive scientific research resources and continuously hinder humanity’s ability to interpret the fundamental laws of the universe through observable, logically consistent realistic concepts (the essence of photons, plasma refraction, instantaneous action-at-a-distance forces). This paper comprehensively lists all concepts inconsistent with empirical science, analyzes their flaws in logic, computation and experimental observation, and advocates reconstructing a unified physical framework grounded in observable material motion.
Traditional quantum mechanics interprets double-slit interference, delayed-choice experiment, quantum eraser experiment, and quantum Zeno effect as fundamental counter-intuitive characteristics of microscopic quantum systems. The conventional framework relies on wave-particle duality, abstract wavefunction collapse, observer-dependent quantum state switching, and information-dominated physical behavior. This paper abandons the traditional assumption of empty vacuum and wave-particle duality. Based on the discrete, elastic, compressible KuiQuark sea medium model, we provide a fully classical, deterministic, mechanical unification of the four core quantum interference phenomena. All quantum paradoxes are eliminated completely. The so-called quantum wave behavior is not an intrinsic property of microscopic particles, but a macroscopic statistical effect induced by particle-excited medium secondary waves and medium ordered structures in vacuum. We further classify two independent physical mechanisms of interference: multi-photon strong-light interference originates from the superposition of helical trajectories of real photon spherical shell clusters, while single-electron sequential interference originates purely from the coherent superposition of KuiQuark medium secondary waves. The delayed-choice effect contains no retro-causality; it only destroys the existing ordered medium channel field after the particle has passed the slit. The quantum eraser effect is a precise mechanical reverse compensation of medium deformation, realizing reversible recovery of medium coherence. The quantum Zeno effect is a dual mechanical locking mechanism: continuous high-frequency detection disrupts balanced medium distribution and forms large-scale reverse medium impact force, which counteracts the forward kinetic energy of particles and freezes microscopic evolution. This study fundamentally eliminates the non-classical hypothesis of traditional quantum mechanics and provides a new deterministic medium-based physical foundation for microscopic interference and quantum observation effects.
量子涨落、自发对称破缺与热力学熵增分别是量子力学、粒子物理与统计热力学的核心现象,但其底层动因始终以独立公设或经验定律的形式存在,缺乏统一的本体论解释。本文基于独立自由度框架[4],将系统的基本构成单元重构为可独立寻址、自主演化的基础自由度,逐层推导证明:独立自由度的自主演化是上述三类现象的共同本体论根源。量子涨落本质是共轭自由度独立演化的固有偏离,自发对称破缺是精细对称组态在自由度涨落下的必然失稳,熵增则是海量自由度自发组态扩散的粗粒化表观。三类现象并非彼此独立的自然律令,而是同一底层动力学在不同尺度、不同约束条件下的分级表现。独立自由度框架实现了从微观量子到宏观热力学的本体论统一,为理解物理世界的演化方向提供了第一性原理视角。 Quantum fluctuations, spontaneous symmetry breaking, and thermodynamic entropy increase constitute the core phenomena of quantum mechanics, particle physics, and statistical thermodynamics respectively. However, their underlying driving causes have long been treated as separate postulates or empirical laws, lacking a unified ontological explanation. Based on the framework of independent degrees of freedom, this paper reconstructs the fundamental building‑blocks of a system as elementary degrees of freedom that are independently addressable and self‑evolving. Layer‑by‑layer deductions demonstrate that the self‑evolution of independent degrees of freedom serves as the shared ontological origin of the three phenomena mentioned above. Quantum fluctuations are intrinsically deviations arising from the independent evolution of conjugate degrees of freedom; spontaneous symmetry breaking denotes the inevitable destabilization of finely‑tuned symmetric configurations under fluctuations of degrees of freedom; entropy increase is the coarse‑grained manifestation of spontaneous configuration diffusion among vast numbers of degrees of freedom. Rather than mutually independent edicts of nature, these three phenomena represent hierarchical manifestations of the same underlying dynamics across different scales and constraint conditions. The framework of independent degrees of freedom achieves ontological unification spanning from micro‑quantum regimes to macroscopic thermodynamics, offering a first‑principle perspective for understanding the evolutionary direction of the physical world.
Description: This study provides a testable geometric origin explanation for wave-particle duality in quantum mechanics, starting from first principles of discrete geometry. Core Scientific Question While the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics can precisely predict experimental phenomena such as double-slit interference, the physical origin of wave-particle duality itself has long been treated as a fundamental axiom, lacking deeper explanation. This work attempts to answer: Could quantum phenomena arise from the collective statistical behavior of more fundamental discrete geometric structures? Theoretical Framework Based on a recently developed discrete geometry framework, we regard continuous spacetime as emerging from the topological gluing and recursive folding of Cantor sets. This geometric construction naturally leads to defect structures carrying intrinsic degrees of freedom, whose statistical fluctuations manifest as random noise accompanying the geometric phase field. The two-point correlation of the noise characterizes thermalization information, while higher-order correlations carry non-Gaussian information and long-term memory. Core Predictions For the double-slit interference experiment, we derive a coherence evolution formula and make three directly testable predictions: First, even under strong which-path measurement, interference fringes will exhibit residual visibility due to contributions from higher-order noise correlations, with magnitude between one-thousandth and one-hundredth. This stands in sharp contrast to the complete disappearance predicted by standard decoherence theory. Second, the decoherence process exhibits biexponential behavior, with fast and slow time scales whose ratio ranges from one hundred to one thousand. Third, path information and interference visibility satisfy a specific conservation relation, reflecting the intrinsic constraints on information transformation in discrete geometry. Experimental Proposal We propose a quantum optics experiment using squeezed light to test these predictions. The scheme employs nano-fabricated double slits and single-photon sources with tunable statistical properties, directly verifying the physical effects of higher-order correlations by comparing interference visibility differences between squeezed and coherent light sources. Current single-photon source technology already possesses the capability to resolve the required precision. Scientific Significance If the predictions are confirmed, this would for the first time experimentally establish quantum phenomena as collective statistical manifestations of discrete geometric structures, providing a geometric origin explanation for the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and an objective, consciousness-free mechanism for wavefunction collapse. Furthermore, this would provide tabletop experimental evidence for Planck-scale spacetime discreteness, building a bridge between quantum foundations and cosmological information research. If falsified, this would constrain microscopic parameters in the theory, pushing the model toward more complex colored noise generalizations. 描述: 本研究从离散几何的第一原理出发,为量子力学中的波粒二象性提供了一个可检验的几何起源解释。 核心科学问题 量子力学的数学形式主义能够精确预测双缝干涉等实验现象,但波粒二象性本身的物理起源长期被视为基本公理,缺乏更深层次的解释。本工作试图回答:量子现象是否可能源于更基本的离散几何结构的集体统计行为? 理论框架 基于近期发展的离散几何框架,我们将连续时空视为从康托尔集的拓扑粘合与递归折叠中涌现的结果。这一几何构建自然导出了带有内禀自由度的缺陷结构,其统计涨落表现为伴随几何相场的随机噪声。噪声的两点关联刻画热化信息,而高阶关联则携带非高斯信息和长期记忆。 核心预言 针对双缝干涉实验,我们推导了相干度演化公式,并作出三个可直接检验的预言: 第一,即使在强路径测量下,由于噪声高阶关联的贡献,干涉条纹仍将存在残余可见度,其量级在千分之一到百分之一之间。这与标准退相干理论预言的完全消失形成鲜明对比。 第二,退相干过程呈现双指数行为,存在快慢两个时间尺度,其比值在百倍到千倍之间。 第三,路径信息与干涉可见度满足特定的守恒关系,反映了离散几何中信息转化的内在约束。 实验方案 我们提出了一个基于压缩态光的量子光学实验方案来检验上述预言。该方案利用纳米加工双缝和可调统计性质的单光子源,通过比较压缩态与相干态光源的干涉可见度差异,直接验证高阶关联的物理效应。当前单光子源技术已具备分辨所需精度的能力。 科学意义 若预言被证实,将首次从实验上确立量子现象是离散几何结构的集体统计表现,为海森堡不确定性原理提供几何起源解释,并为波函数坍缩提供无需意识的客观机制。同时,这将为普朗克尺度的时空离散性提供桌面实验证据,架起量子基础与宇宙学信息研究的桥梁。若被证伪,则将约束理论中的微观参数,推动模型向更复杂的有色噪声方向拓展。