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10. La mécanique quantique prouve que je suis Batman

Tim James

Published Jan 1, 2020• 0 citations

Abstract

Quantum nonlocality is discussed as an aspect of the quantum formalism that is seriously in need of interpretation.The Transactional Interpretation of quantum mechanics, which describes quantum processes as transactional "handshakes" between retarded ψ waves and advanced ψ * waves, is discussed.Examples of the use of the Transactional Interpretation in resolving quantum paradoxes and in understanding the counter-intuitive aspects of the formalism, particularly quantum nonlocality, are provided. What is an Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics?Interpretations of quantum mechanics provide accounts of the meaning of the quantum formalism, guidance as to how to use the formalism to connect with nature and to make predictions on the outcome of experiments, and understanding of the counterintuitive aspects of the formalism.The first interpretation of quantum mechanics was the Copenhagen Interpretation, developed by Werner Heisenberg and Niels Bohr in the late 1920s.(See reference [1] for a complete description of and references for the Copenhagen Interpretation.)It quickly became the orthodox view of the meaning of the quantum formalism, and it is currently used in most quantum mechanics textbooks.However, its ambiguities have generated a large number of interpretational paradoxes associated with relativity conflicts, wave-particle duality, observer-dependent behavior, wave function collapse, and quantum nonlocality.These problems generated by the Copenhagen Interpretation have led to a plethora of alternative "interpretations", many of which are outlined in this book.The reader is cautioned, however, to examine each of these interpretations carefully to determine if it really qualifies for the status of a full interpretation, in that it deals with

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Quantum nonlocality is discussed as an aspect of the quantum formalism that is seriously in need of interpretation.The Transactional Interpretation of quantum mechanics, which describes quantum processes as transactional "handshakes" between retarded ψ waves and advanced ψ * waves, is discussed.Examples of the use of the Transactional Interpretation in resolving quantum paradoxes and in understanding the counter-intuitive aspects of the formalism, particularly quantum nonlocality, are provided. What is an Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics?Interpretations of quantum mechanics provide accounts of the meaning of the quantum formalism, guidance as to how to use the formalism to connect with nature and to make predictions on the outcome of experiments, and understanding of the counterintuitive aspects of the formalism.The first interpretation of quantum mechanics was the Copenhagen Interpretation, developed by Werner Heisenberg and Niels Bohr in the late 1920s.(See reference [1] for a complete description of and references for the Copenhagen Interpretation.)It quickly became the orthodox view of the meaning of the quantum formalism, and it is currently used in most quantum mechanics textbooks.However, its ambiguities have generated a large number of interpretational paradoxes associated with relativity conflicts, wave-particle duality, observer-dependent behavior, wave function collapse, and quantum nonlocality.These problems generated by the Copenhagen Interpretation have led to a plethora of alternative "interpretations", many of which are outlined in this book.The reader is cautioned, however, to examine each of these interpretations carefully to determine if it really qualifies for the status of a full interpretation, in that it deals with

Quantum nonlocality is discussed as an aspect of the quantum formalism that is seriously in need of interpretation. The Transactional Interpretation of quantum mechanics, which describes quantum processes as transactional "handshakes" between retarded

ψ

waves and advanced

ψ*

waves, is discussed. Examples of the use of the Transactional Interpretation in resolving quantum paradoxes and in understanding the counter-intuitive aspects of the formalism, particularly quantum nonlocality, are provided.

The transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics [1] was originally published in 1986 and is now about 14 years old. It is an explicitly nonlocal and Lorentz invariant alternative to the Copenhagen interpretation. It interprets the formalism for a quantum interaction as describing a “handshake” between retarded waves (ψ) and advanced waves (ψ*) for each quantum event or “transaction” in which energy, momentum, angular momentum, and other conserved quantities are transferred. The transactional interpretation offers the advantages that (1) it is actually “visible” in the formalism of quantum mechanics, (2) it is economical, involving fewer independent assumptions than its rivals, (3) it is paradox-free, resolving all of the paradoxes of standard quantum theory including nonlocality and wave function collapse, (4) it does not give a privileged role to observers or measurements, and (5) it permits the visualization of quantum events. We will review the transactional interpretation and some of its applications to “quantum paradoxes.”

The interpretational problems of quantum mechanics are considered. The way in which the standard Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics deals with these problems is reviewed. A new interpretation of the formalism of quantum mechanics, the transactional interpretation, is presented. The basic element of this interpretation is the transaction describing a quantum event as an exchange of advanced and retarded waves, as implied by the work of Wheeler and Feynman, Dirac, and others. The transactional interpretation is explicitly nonlocal and thereby consistent with recent tests of the Bell inequality, yet is relativistically invariant and fully causal. A detailed comparison of the transactional and Copenhagen interpretations is made in the context of well-known quantum-mechanical Gedankenexperimente and "paradoxes." The transactional interpretation permits quantum-mechanical wave functions to be interpreted as real waves physically present in space rather than as "mathematical representations of knowledge" as in the Copenhagen interpretation. The transactional interpretation is shown to provide insight into the complex character of the quantum-mechanical state vector and the mechanism associated with its "collapse." It also leads in a natural way to justification of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the Born probability law ($P=\ensuremath{\psi}{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{*}$), basic elements of the Copenhagen interpretation.

The interpretation of quantum mechanics has been controversial since the introduction of quantum theory in the 1920s. Although the Copenhagen interpretation is commonly accepted, its usual formulation suffers from some serious drawbacks. Based mainly on Bohr's concepts, the formulation assumes an independent and essential validity of classical concepts running in parallel with quantum ones, and leaves open the possibility of their ultimate conflict. In this book, Roland Omnes examines a number of recent advances, which, combined, lead to a consistent revision of the Copenhagen interpretation. His aim is to show how this interpretation can fit all present experiments, to weed out unnecessary or questionable assumptions, and to assess the domain of validity where the older statements apply. The text offers a self-contained treatment of interpretation (in nonrelativistic physics) in a manner accessible to both physicists and students. Although some hard results are included, the concepts and mathematical developments are maintained at an undergraduate level. This book enables readers to check every step, apply the techniques to new problems and make sure that no paradox or obscurity

We expound an alternative to the Copenhagen interpretation of the formalism of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. The basic difference is that the new interpretation is formulated in the language of epistemological realism. It involves a change in some basic physical concepts. The ψ function is no longer interpreted as a probability amplitude of the observed behavior of an elementary particle but as an objective physical field representing the particle itself. The particles are thus extended objects whose extension varies in time according to the variation of ψ. They are considered as fundamental regions of space with no internal structure. This implies some kind of nonlocality. Symmetrization of the configuration space wave function is interpreted as a mathematical description of a physical process, which also leads to nonlocal effects. Special consideration