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Advanced Quantum Technologies

Parallel‐Channel Topological Quantum Routing in a Superconducting Qudit Chain

Jia-Heng Ni, Liang Bin, Qi-Ping Su, Yi‐Hao Kang, Chui‐Ping Yang

Published Sep 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

ABSTRACT Efficient quantum routing and entanglement distribution are essential for scalable quantum networks. We propose a parallel chain topological quantum routing based on a chain of superconducting qudits, where distinct internal levels of each qudit define independent topologically protected channels. Utilizing a network of superconducting qudits (multi‐level quantum systems) and microwave resonators, our scheme realizes multiple independent SSH‐type chains in the single‐excitation subspace, each associated with a distinct internal level of the qudits. The key innovation is that distinct internal levels of qudits realize mutually independent parallel SSH chains, enabling independent and protected quantum channels. We demonstrate that quantum states can be routed to different output ports based on internal degrees of freedom (i.e., distinct energy levels of superconducting qudits). Furthermore, we show that this system enables adiabatic pumping for state transfer and preparation of entanglement via the Rice‐Mele model. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the system possesses topological robustness against coupling and potential disorders, and remains stable in the presence of dissipation, highlighting its potential for quantum routing and entanglement distribution and establishing it as a versatile building block for multi‐functional quantum devices in noise‐resilient quantum networks.

DOI
10.1002/qute.70451

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ABSTRACT Efficient quantum routing and entanglement distribution are essential for scalable quantum networks. We propose a parallel chain topological quantum routing based on a chain of superconducting qudits, where distinct internal levels of each qudit define independent topologically protected channels. Utilizing a network of superconducting qudits (multi‐level quantum systems) and microwave resonators, our scheme realizes multiple independent SSH‐type chains in the single‐excitation subspace, each associated with a distinct internal level of the qudits. The key innovation is that distinct internal levels of qudits realize mutually independent parallel SSH chains, enabling independent and protected quantum channels. We demonstrate that quantum states can be routed to different output ports based on internal degrees of freedom (i.e., distinct energy levels of superconducting qudits). Furthermore, we show that this system enables adiabatic pumping for state transfer and preparation of entanglement via the Rice‐Mele model. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the system possesses topological robustness against coupling and potential disorders, and remains stable in the presence of dissipation, highlighting its potential for quantum routing and entanglement distribution and establishing it as a versatile building block for multi‐functional quantum devices in noise‐resilient quantum networks.
Abstract The notion of synthetic dimensions in artificial systems has received considerable attention as it provides novel methods for exploring hypothetical topological matter as well as potential device applications. A superconducting qutrit‐resonator chain is mapped into domain‐divided Su‐Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) models in the synthetic dimension formed by product states of qutrits and Fock states, which renders single‐excitation transfers to mimic particle transports in 1D potential array. Large‐scale Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states can be generated in one‐domain SSH model of synthetic dimension via the topological protected edge channel. Uniquely, a two‐domain SSH model is constructed, and the wave function of the three topological protected states is analytically derived. It is shown that the effective coherent‐tunneling adiabatic passage (CTAP) enables fast large‐scale GHZ state can be generated via topological CTAP. Furthermore, four‐ and multi‐domain SSH models are identified to generate large‐scale GHZ states faster in larger sizes. Numerical results show that topologically generated large‐scale GHZ states exhibit excellent robustness against inevitable variation in ideal hopping rates and losses of systems. The work opens up prospects for realizing fast large‐scale GHZ states in multiple SSH models of synthetic dimension and for facilitating further applications of topological matter in quantum information processing.
Topological insulators have inspired the study with various quantum simulators. Exploiting the tunability of the qubit frequency and qubit-qubit coupling, we show that a superconducting qubit chain can simulate various topological band models. When the system is restricted to the single-spin excitation subspace, the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model can be equivalently simulated by alternating the coupling strength between neighboring qubits. The existence of topological edge states in this qubit chain is demonstrated in the quench dynamics after the first qubit is excited. This excitation propagates along the chain where the qubit-qubit coupling is homogeneous. In contrast, in our qubit chain, the spin-up state localizes at the first qubit and the rest qubits remain in the spin-down state. We further show that the spin-up state can be transported along the chain by modulating the coupling strengths and the qubit frequencies. This demonstrates adiabatic pumping based on the Rice-Mele model. Moreover, we also discuss possible ways to construct other topological models with different topological phenomena within the current technology of superconducting qubits.
Abstract We present a feasible scheme to implement a planar and tunable quantum state transfer (QST) via topologically protected zero-energy mode in a splicing Y-junction Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) chain. The introduction of the elaborate nearest-neighbor (NN) hopping enables one to generate a topological interface at the central site of the Y-junction. By modulating the NN hopping adiabatically in the chain, the quantum state initially prepared at the central site can be simultaneously transferred to the three endpoints of the Y-junction with the equal/unequal probabilities. The planar distribution of QST is expected to realize a quantum router, whose function is to make the quantum information on the central site (input port) appear equally/unequally at the three endpoints (output ports) with different directions. Moreover, the numerical simulations demonstrate that the scheme possesses the robustness on the fluctuations of the NN hopping and the on-site potential in the system. Furthermore, we show that the number of the output ports with different directions can be flexibly increased in an extended X-junction SSH chain, and the experimental feasibility for implementing special QST in a superconducting qubit-resonator system is briefly discussed. Our work extends the space distribution of QST from linear distribution to planar distribution and promotes the construction of large-scale quantum networks.
Robust quantum state transfer (QST) is an indispensable ingredient in scalable quantum information processing. Here we present an experimentally feasible mechanism for realizing robust QST via topologically protected edge states in superconducting qubit chains. Using superconducting Xmon qubits with tunable couplings, we construct generalized Su-Schrieffer-Heeger models and analytically derive the wave functions of topological edge states. We find that such edge states can be employed as a quantum channel to realize robust QST between remote qubits. With a numerical simulation, we show that both single-qubit states and two-qubit entangled states can be robustly transferred in the presence of sizable imperfections in the qubit couplings. The transfer fidelity demonstrates a wide plateau at the value of unity in the imperfection magnitude. This approach is general and can be implemented in a variety of quantum computing platforms.
We study the routing of quantum information in parallel on multidimensional networks of tunable qubits and oscillators. These theoretical models are inspired by recent experiments in superconducting circuits. We show that perfect parallel state transfer is possible for certain networks of harmonic oscillator modes. We extend this to the distribution of entanglement between every pair of nodes in the network, finding that the routing efficiency of hypercube networks is optimal and robust in the presence of dissipation and finite bandwidth.
Robust quantum state transfer (QST) is the foundation for information exchange among nodes in quantum networks. In this paper, we propose a robust QST protocol that utilizes topological edge modes in the qubit chains to encode (decode) quantum states (flying qubits). By employing qubits with tunable couplings, we construct Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chains as the nodes of a quantum network. The end qubit of each SSH chain is dissipatively coupled to a chiral waveguide, and the dissipative strength is a constant. We refer to the SSH chain with a dissipation channel at the end qubit as the non-Hermitian SSH chain. Comparing the symmetry and energy spectra of the non-Hermitian SSH chain with those of the SSH chain, our analysis reveals that the dissipative dynamics of the topological edge state in the non-Hermitian SSH chain are governed by its imaginary spectra. The edge mode with the imaginary spectrum can be used to encode (decode) quantum states (flying qubits), thereby enabling robust QST between two remote mirrored non-Hermitian SSH chains. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that high-fidelity QST can be achieved even in the presence of coupling errors. Furthermore, we extend our analysis to consider QST in imperfect chiral waveguides, providing insights into the robustness of our protocol under realistic conditions. Our discussion is applicable to various quantum platforms and holds significant implications for constructing large-scale quantum networks.