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Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Phase transitions and intermediate phases induced by nearest-neighbor dipolar interaction in a nonreciprocal non-Hermitian extended Bose-Hubbard model

Anonymous, Ji-Guo Wang

Published Sep 15, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1103/gklh-w392

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The extended Bose-Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor repulsive interactions on a square lattice is investigated by using the quantum Monte Carlo method. We find that for the cases of weak next-nearest-neighbor interactions and small hoppings, incommensurate solids of fractional densities varying from 1/4 to 1/2 can be stabilized in the thermodynamic limit. We further show that the continuous changes of ordering wave vectors from $(\ensuremath{\pi},\ensuremath{\pi}/2)$ $[\mathrm{or} (\ensuremath{\pi}/2,\ensuremath{\pi})]$ to $(\ensuremath{\pi},\ensuremath{\pi})$ within the incommensurate solid phase can be understood by the mechanism of domain wall formation. The related ground-state phase diagram and thermal phase transitions are also discussed.
The Hubbard model underlies our understanding of strongly correlated materials. Whereas its standard form only comprises interactions between particles at the same lattice site, extending it to encompass long-range interactions is predicted to profoundly alter the quantum behavior of the system. We realize the extended Bose-Hubbard model for an ultracold gas of strongly magnetic erbium atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice. Controlling the orientation of the atomic dipoles, we reveal the anisotropic character of the onsite interaction and hopping dynamics and their influence on the superfluid-to-Mott insulator quantum phase transition. Moreover, we observe nearest-neighbor interactions, a genuine consequence of the long-range nature of dipolar interactions. Our results lay the groundwork for future studies of exotic many-body quantum phases.