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Theoretical and Natural Science

Quantum Communication of Images with 3-State Protocols

Yifan Hang

Published Sep 15, 2026• 0 citations

Abstract

This paper investigates two distinct protocols and one combined protocol for image teleportation based on three quantum states. It begins by reviewing key linear algebraic concepts and formalized quantum states in Hilbert space. Building on this, it analyzes a variation of dense coding using non-maximally entangled (polluted) states. It demonstrates that while full distinguishability of four Bell-like states is lost under entanglement degradation, it is possible to design a restricted set of operations that maximizes distinguishability; it designs a new protocol of superdense coding based on three Bell states. In the next section of the article, it introduces a three-level energy system and designs a quantum teleportation protocol based on the three states. It also introduces the HSV color model, which features three parameters that are used to represent a color. With such a protocol, it can teleport a color with high confidence and security. Both of these protocols can be used for image teleportation technologies. Finally, it integrates the superdense coding protocol and the quantum teleportation protocol to create a highly theoretical image teleportation protocol that can perform filtering, encoding and decoding, and emergency destruction on colored images with enhanced security. An additional participant is added, so that the quantum state will be modified during the teleportation process by this new participant. All of these protocols can be applied in future image teleportation techniques.

DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/2026.gl36753

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Abstract This chapter introduces three important quantum communication protocols: quantum teleportation, superdense coding, and quantum key distribution (QKD). The first two use entanglement as a resource, in the case of teleportation to transmit a quantum state and in the case of superdense coding to transmit two (classical) bits using a single qubit. QKD uses the non-determinism of quantum measurements to achieve unconditionally secure communication, and the chapter presents the original QKD protocol, namely BB84.

We investigate the usefulness of different classes of genuine quadripartite entangled states as quantum resources for teleportation and superdense coding. We examine the possibility of teleporting unknown one, two and three qubit states. We show that one can use the teleportation protocol to send any general one and two qubit states. A restricted class of three qubit states can also be faithfully teleported. We also explore superdense coding protocol in single-receiver and multi-receiver scenarios. We show that there exist genuine quadripartite entangled states that can be used to transmit four cbits by sending two qubits. We also discuss some interesting features of multi-receiver scenario under LOCC paradigm.

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The paper investigates an odd particle composite quantum state combined with W-state and Bell-state.It is shown that this composite quantum state can be used to prefect teleportation of arbitrary single and two qubit,and also can be commendably utilized for superdense coding and quantum state sharing.The paper presents the measurement basis of sender and unity operations of receiver for teleportation protocol.It is found that five classical bits can be sent by conveying only three quantum bits for superdense coding.

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This paper proposes a novel quantum teleportation protocol leveraging multi-variable quantum entanglement. The core of the protocol relies on the strong correlations inherent in multi-dimensional entangled states to achieve high-efficiency and secure quantum teleportation. We demonstrate a framework for constructing such a protocol and analyze its potential advantages over traditional approaches. The key contribution lies in expanding the theoretical foundation of quantum teleportation, offering a new strategy for quantum communication and information processing. The protocol utilizes a series of Bell state measurements and classical communication to transfer the quantum state from one location to another, relying heavily on pre-shared multi-variable entangled pairs. We outline the mathematical formalism underpinning the protocol, including the description of the entangled states, the Bell state measurements, and the necessary classical information exchange. The protocol aims to enhance the transmission efficiency and bolster the security of quantum teleportation by exploiting the complexity and robustness afforded by multi-variable entanglement.