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GCFT-0690-R0 — Quantum Galileo Interferometry as a Weak-Field Constraint on Coherence-Modified Gravity

Nicky Joseph Hubertus Catharina Hacquier

Published Sep 9, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper analyzes the Quantum Galileo Interferometer as an external weak-field constraint on coherence-modified gravitational models, using General Coherence Field Theory (GCFT) as a structured test case. It reconstructs the finite-pulse quantum-mechanical phase baseline, distinguishes experimentally constrained residual classes, defines the currently admitted GCFT matter–gravity interface, and identifies the missing terrestrial coherence-source model required for a numerical GCFT prediction. The work does not claim a detection of GCFT, quantum gravity, quantized gravity, or a universal numerical bound on the coherence field.

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.22674236

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•Nov 8, 2025•0 citations
This paper analyzes the Quantum Galileo Interferometer as an external weak-field constraint on coherence-modified gravitational models, using General Coherence Field Theory (GCFT) as a structured test case. It reconstructs the finite-pulse quantum-mechanical phase baseline, distinguishes experimentally constrained residual classes, defines the currently admitted GCFT matter–gravity interface, and identifies the missing terrestrial coherence-source model required for a numerical GCFT prediction. The work does not claim a detection of GCFT, quantum gravity, quantized gravity, or a universal numerical bound on the coherence field.
This study explores quantum effects in weak gravitational fields with the aim of identifying feasible pathways towards tabletop tests of quantum gravity. Using numerical simulations of matter-wave interference for nanoparticles with masses between and kg, we investigate how environmental and fundamental decoherence mechanisms shape observable signatures. The results reveal a mass-dependent reduction in interference visibility, dropping from near unity at kg to below 0.2 at kg. Coherence times were found to exceed one second for particles lighter than 10^(-16) kg under cryogenic ultra-high-vacuum conditions, but decreased to sub-millisecond scales for kg particles at room temperature, confirming thermal radiation as the dominant source of decoherence. In parallel, collapse models such as CSL predict additional suppression of visibility for interrogation times of 0.1 s, particularly for masses above kg, enabling discrimination between environmental and intrinsic decoherence mechanisms. These findings underscore the necessity of maintaining ultra-high vacuum and cryogenic environments to detect gravitationally induced quantum phases, thereby providing a practical framework for near-future interferometry experiments. While the present work is limited to phenomenological models and simulated data, it establishes a roadmap for extending investigations to heavier mass regimes, incorporating realistic noise sources, and testing alternative collapse scenarios.
Current models of quantum interference experiments in external gravitational fields lack a common framework: while matter-wave interferometers are commonly described using the Schrödinger equation with a Newtonian potential, gravitational effects in quantum optics are modeled using either post-Newtonian metrics or highly symmetric exact solutions to Einstein's field equations such as those of Schwarzschild and Kerr. To coherently describe both kinds of experiments, this paper develops a unified framework for modeling quantum interferometers in general stationary space-times. This model provides a rigorous description and coherent interpretation of the effects of classical gravity on quantum probes.
Abstract In this paper, we study the phenomenon of quantum interference in the presence of external gravitational fields described by alternative theories of gravity. We analyze both non-relativistic and relativistic effects induced by the underlying curved background on a superposed quantum system. In the non-relativistic regime, it is possible to come across a gravitational counterpart of the Bohm–Aharonov effect, which results in a phase shift proportional to the derivative of the modified Newtonian potential. On the other hand, beyond the Newtonian approximation, the relativistic nature of gravity plays a crucial rôle. Indeed, the existence of a gravitational time dilation between the two arms of the interferometer causes a loss of coherence that is in principle observable in quantum interference patterns. We work in the context of generalized quadratic theories of gravity to compare their physical predictions with the analogous outcomes in general relativity. In so doing, we show that the decoherence rate strongly depends on the gravitational model under investigation, which means that this approach turns out to be a promising test bench to probe and discriminate among all the extensions of Einstein’s theory in future experiments.
ABSTRACT Background The gravity–quantum interface lacks a minimal, operational theory for the weak-field, non-relativistic, mesoscopic regime. Semiclassical gravity (SCG), which sources the classical Einstein equations from the quantum expectation value of stress–energy, is the dominant approximation but was designed for cosmological and astrophysical contexts, not for two-body entanglement experiments in the laboratory. A structural silence exists: no framework specifies how gravity couples to quantum matter when entanglement between spatially delocalised mesoscopic masses is at stake. Gap The Named Binary distinguishing Semiclassical Gravity Interface (SCGI) from Quantum-Mediator Gravity Interface (QMGI) does not appear in the literature as a formal operational distinction with computable consequences. No framework simultaneously satisfies: standard quantum mechanics for matter, no-signalling, reduction to Newtonian gravity for classical configurations, and entanglement-generation capability. This four-constraint conjunction defines the structural gap. Approach We formalise the two-body BMV (Bose–Marletto–Vedral) configuration using Hilbert-space language and quantum channels, derive the effective entangling Hamiltonian, prove that C(t) = |sin(Δφ(t)/2)| where Δφ(t) is the entangling phase determined by geometry and interaction time, and derive the design inequality τ_ent ≪ τ_dec as the admissibility condition for entanglement detection. We establish the Strongest Formulation in the five-part programme template, specify a pre-registerable CCS with quantitative decision rule, confirm structural invariance across three independent physics domains, ground the framework in IGT theory, and provide a complete Weil Protocol practitioner review pack. Results Under the four-constraint conjunction (standard QM + no-signalling + Newtonian reduction + entanglement capability), gravity in the mesoscopic weak-field regime must be modelled as a quantum channel: SCGI fails because classical channels cannot increase entanglement between initially separable systems. The entangling phase scales as Δφ(t) ~ Gm²dt/(ℏD²); detectable entanglement requires τ_ent/τ_dec < 1. Three independent distinguishing predictions follow that SCGI cannot make. Structural invariance is confirmed in quantum electrodynamics (photon-mediated entanglement), nuclear physics (exchange-mediated forces), and quantum optics (cavity-mediated entanglement). Implications Any tabletop detection of gravitationally induced entanglement between two mesoscopic masses in a BMV-type experiment would constitute a direct, model-independent, low-energy signature of the quantum nature of gravity. Any confirmed null result provides the strongest direct evidence for SCGI-type models and bounds the parameter space of quantum mediator theories. Weil Protocol practitioner review is required before policy adoption of experimental specifications; status INCOMPLETE. Human-stakes level: L2 · Weil Protocol: INCOMPLETE
Recent Quantum Galileo Interferometer experiments compare two coherent wave packets of the same atom: one following a ballistic free-fall trajectory and the other magnetically held in the laboratory frame. Their measured relative phase agrees with the standard prediction, whose idealized leading dependence is cubic in the free-fall time (T³). This paper develops a structure-first interpretation of that result within Harmonic Physics. On this reading, intrinsic phase relations constrain the paths that can be jointly resolved, observer-level geometry describes their organization, and recombination makes the differential phase accessible without creating the underlying distinction. The experiment supports a reproducible path-dependent phase relation and the consistency of quantum evolution with the equivalence principle in the tested regime. It does not uniquely confirm Harmonic Physics, establish that gravity is non-dynamical, or directly test objective-collapse mechanisms. A distinct empirical test would require an independently defined phase-relational quantity and a reproducible residual beyond the complete standard interferometer model and its known systematics. The paper therefore presents the experiment as a clear interpretive case for structure-first ordering and as a platform for future discriminating tests.
The quantum nature of gravity is one of physics' greatest unsolved problems, with existing experimental proposals facing formidable challenges in maintaining spatial superpositions of massive objects against decoherence. We propose a fundamentally different approach that bypasses these difficulties. The central insight is that a quantum gravitational field can imprint a gauge-invariant phase on a particle's wavefunction even along an open trajectory, arising from the quantum backreaction of the source. This phase, which manifests prior to the final recombination stage of an interferometer and cannot be generated by a classical gravitational field, provides an operationally direct witness to the quantumness of gravity. Our experimental design uses a single photon whose accumulated gravitational phase due to the Earth is transferred via absorption to auxiliary atoms near the end of the interferometer sequence, preserving the open-path character essential for the test. We scale the interferometer to yield a detectable phase of order 10−310^{-3}10−3 rad and show how non-local correlation measurements on the atoms can access this gauge-invariant signature. Leveraging established quantum optical and atomic techniques, this proposal offers a feasible path to distinguish quantum from classical gravity. A positive result would provide the first experimental evidence for the quantum nature of gravitational fields, with profound implications for quantum gravity theories.