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DOI: 10.1140/epjb/e2005-00390-1 THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Abstract. In this paper we present two new numerical methods for studying thermodynamic quantities of integrable models. As an example of the effectiveness of these two approaches, results from numerical solutions of all sets of Bethe ansatz equations, for small Heisenberg chains, and Monte Carlo simulations in quasi-momentum space, for a relatively larger chains, are presented. Our results agree with those obtained by the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA). As an application of these ideas, the pairwise entanglement between two nearest neighbors at finite temperatures is studied. PACS. 75.10.Jm Quantized spin models – 75.40.-s Critical-point effects, specific heats, short-range order 1

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Abstract. In this paper we present two new numerical methods for studying thermodynamic quantities of integrable models. As an example of the effectiveness of these two approaches, results from numerical solutions of all sets of Bethe ansatz equations, for small Heisenberg chains, and Monte Carlo simulations in quasi-momentum space, for a relatively larger chains, are presented. Our results agree with those obtained by the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA). As an application of these ideas, the pairwise entanglement between two nearest neighbors at finite temperatures is studied. PACS. 75.10.Jm Quantized spin models – 75.40.-s Critical-point effects, specific heats, short-range order 1
Abstract The Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) allows us to study finite size and finite temperature effects of an integrable model. This chapter investigates the integral equations that determine the free energy and gives their physical interpretation. It discusses Casimir energy, Bethe relativistic wave function, the derivation of thermodynamics, the meaning of pseudo-energy (dressed energy and momentum), infrared and ultraviolet limits, the coefficient of bulk energy, the general form of the TBA equations, the thermodynamics of the free field theories, L-channel quantization and the LeClair–Mussardo formula. It also covers the application of the Yang–Lee S-matrix, the magnetic field Ising model, and the tricritical Ising model.
This note is a supplement to our previous papers: Mod. Phys. Lett. A14 (1999) 2427 (math-ph/9911010); Int. J. Mod. Phys. A15 (2000) 2329 (math-ph/9912014). The thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) equation for an integrable spin chain related to the Lie superalgebra osp(1|2) is analyzed. The central charge determined by low temperature asymptotics of the specific heat can be expressed by the Rogers dilogarithmic function, and identified to be 1. Solving the TBA equation numerically, we evaluate the several thermodynamic quantities. The excited state TBA equation is also discussed.
We use numerical linked cluster expansions (NLCEs) to study correlated lattice systems in one and two dimensions.For fermions in the honeycomb lattice, we study its finite-temperature properties and short-range spin correlations using NLCEs and determinantal quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) simulations.For the homogeneous system, we analyze a number of thermodynamic quantities, including the entropy, the specific heat, uniform and staggered spin susceptibilities, short-range spin correlations, and the double occupancy at and away from half filling.Employing a local density approximation (LDA), we examine the viability of adiabatic cooling by increasing the interaction strength for homogeneous as well as for trapped systems.We also use NLCEs to study thermodynamic properties of the two-dimensional spin-1/2 Ising, XY, and Heisenberg models with bimodal random-bond disorder on the square and honeycomb lattices.In all cases, the nearest-neighbor coupling between the spins takes values ±J with equal probability.We obtain the disorder averaged (over all disorder configurations) energy, entropy, specific heat, and uniform magnetic susceptibility in each case.These results are compared with the corresponding ones in the clean models.Analytic expressions are obtained for low orders in the expansion of these thermodynamic quantities in inverse temperature.For many-body localization in disordered isolated systems, we study quantum quenches in the thermodynamic limit.By a quantum quench it is meant that the initial state is stationary with respect iii to an initial Hamiltonian, which is suddenly changed to a new (time-independent) Hamiltonian.The latter then drives the (unitary) dynamics of the system.We are interested in the time average of observables after relaxation following the quench, which can be computed under the so-called diagonal ensemble.
A very curious situation arises in the context of the calculation of the partition function from the spectrum of an integrable Hamiltonian. Despite the validity of the Bethe ansatz equations for all energy eigenvalues of the model the direct evaluation of the partition function is rather difficult. In contrast to ideal quantum gases the eigenstates are not explicitly known: the Bethe ansatz equations provide just implicit descriptions that pose problems of their own kind. Yet, knowing the behaviour of quantum chains at finite temperatures is important for many reasons. As a matter of fact, the groundstate is strictly inaccessible due to the very fundamentals of thermodynamics. Therefore the study of finite temperatures is relevant for theoretical as well as experimental reasons. At high temperatures, quantum systems show only trivial static properties without correlations. Lowering the temperature, the systems enter a large regime with non-universal correlations and finally approach the quantum critical point at exactly zero temperature showing universal, non-trivial properties with divergent correlation lengths governed by conformal field theory [51]. In Chapter 5 of this book we have discussed the traditional Thermodynamical Bethe Ansatz (TBA) as developed for the Heisenberg model and the Hubbard model [155, 433–435] on the basis of a method [496] invented for the Bose gas.
Introduction to Integrable Many-Body Systems II This is the second part of a three-volume introductory course about integrable systems of interacting bodies. The models of interest are quantum spin chains with nearest-neighbor interactions between spin operators, in particular Heisenberg spin-1/2 models. The Ising model in a transverse field, expressible as a quadratic fermion form by using the Jordan-Wigner transformation, is the subject of Sect. 12. The derivation of the coordinate Bethe ansatz for the XXZ Heisenberg chain and the determination of its absolute ground state in various regions of the anisotropy parameter are presented in Sect. 13. The magnetic properties of the ground state are explained in Sect. 14. Sect. 15 concerns excited states and the zero-temperature thermodynamics of the XXZ model. The thermodynamics of the XXZ Heisenberg chain is derived on the basis of the string hypothesis in Sect. 16; the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations are analyzed in high-temperature and low-temperature limits. An alternative derivation of the thermodynamics without using strings, leading to a non-linear integral equation determining the free energy, is the subject of Sect. 17. A nontrivial application of the Quantum Inverse Scattering method to the fully anisotropic XYZ Heisenberg chain is described in Sect. 18. Sect. 19 deals with integrable cases of isotropic spin chains with an arbitrary spin.