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High-Girth Regular Quantum LDPC Codes from Affine-Coset Structures

Koki Okada, Kouki OKADA, Kenta Kasai

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
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High-Girth Regular Quantum LDPC Codes from Square-Base Hypergraph Products via CPM Lifts

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•Jan 1, 2026•0 citations

High-Girth Regular Quantum LDPC Codes from Affine-Coset Structures

Koki Okada, Kenta Kasai

We construct a quantum low-density parity-check code family from a length-$512$ Calderbank--Shor--Steane base matrix pair. The base pair is permutation-equivalent to the known SPC(3) product CSS code, and the present affine-coset description gives a direct proof that both Tanner graphs are $(3,8)$-regular with girth $8$. The base code has parameters $[[512,174,8]]$. We then apply circulant permutation matrix (CPM) lifts. The main decoding experiment uses the CPM-lifted code with lift factor $P=32$, which has parameters $[[16384,4142,18\le d\le32]]$, under the code-capacity depolarizing model. Complete enumeration excludes nontrivial logical representatives of weight at most $16$ on both sides, giving $d_X,d_Z\ge18$. Explicit weight-$32$ non-stabilizer logical representatives give the upper bounds $d_X,d_Z\le32$. A belief-propagation decoder with post-processing achieved frame error rate about $10^{-8}$ at $p=0.085$; an independently observed logical residual of weight $40$ is consistent with the sharper structural bound.

quant-pharXiv:2604.20838•Apr 23, 2026•0 citations

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Breaking the Orthogonality Barrier in Quantum LDPC Codes

Kenta Kasai

Classical low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a widely deployed and well-established technology, forming the backbone of modern communication and storage systems. It is well known that, in this classical setting, increasing the girth of the Tanner graph while maintaining regular degree distributions leads simultaneously to good belief-propagation (BP) decoding performance and large minimum distance. In the quantum setting, however, this principle does not directly apply because quantum LDPC codes must satisfy additional orthogonality constraints between their parity-check matrices. When one enforces both orthogonality and regularity in a straightforward manner, the girth is typically reduced and the minimum distance becomes structurally upper bounded. In this work, we overcome this limitation by using permutation matrices with controlled commutativity and by restricting the orthogonality constraints to only the active part of the construction, while preserving regular check-matrix structures. This design circumvents conventional structural distance limitations induced by parent-matrix orthogonality, and enables the construction of quantum LDPC codes with large girth while avoiding latent low-weight logical operators. As a concrete demonstration, we construct a girth-8, (3,12)-regular $[[9216,4612, \leq 48]]$ quantum LDPC code and show that, under BP decoding combined with a low-complexity post-processing algorithm, it achieves a frame error rate as low as $10^{-8}$ on the depolarizing channel with error probability $4 \%$.

quant-pharXiv:2601.08824•Quantum•Jan 14, 2026•0 citations

Towards practical quantum LDPC codes

Joschka Roffe

•Nov 30, 2021•3 citations
We construct a quantum low-density parity-check code family from a length-512512512 Calderbank--Shor--Steane base matrix pair. The base pair is permutation-equivalent to the known SPC(3) product CSS code, and the present affine-coset description gives a direct proof that both Tanner graphs are (3,8)(3,8)(3,8)-regular with girth 888. The base code has parameters [[512,174,8]][[512,174,8]][[512,174,8]]. We then apply circulant permutation matrix (CPM) lifts. The main decoding experiment uses the CPM-lifted code with lift factor P=32P=32P=32, which has parameters [[16384,4142,18≤d≤32]][[16384,4142,18\le d\le32]][[16384,4142,18≤d≤32]], under the code-capacity depolarizing model. Complete enumeration excludes nontrivial logical representatives of weight at most 161616 on both sides, giving dX,dZ≥18d_X,d_Z\ge18dX​,dZ​≥18. Explicit weight-323232 non-stabilizer logical representatives give the upper bounds dX,dZ≤32d_X,d_Z\le32dX​,dZ​≤32. A belief-propagation decoder with post-processing achieved frame error rate about 10−810^{-8}10−8 at p=0.085p=0.085p=0.085; an independently observed logical residual of weight 404040 is consistent with the sharper structural bound.
Classical low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a widely deployed and well-established technology, forming the backbone of modern communication and storage systems. It is well known that, in this classical setting, increasing the girth of the Tanner graph while maintaining regular degree distributions leads simultaneously to good belief-propagation (BP) decoding performance and large minimum distance. In the quantum setting, however, this principle does not directly apply because quantum LDPC codes must satisfy additional orthogonality constraints between their parity-check matrices. When one enforces both orthogonality and regularity in a straightforward manner, the girth is typically reduced and the minimum distance becomes structurally upper bounded. In this work, we overcome this limitation by using permutation matrices with controlled commutativity and by restricting the orthogonality constraints to only the active part of the construction, while preserving regular check-matrix structures. This design circumvents conventional structural distance limitations induced by parent-matrix orthogonality, and enables the construction of quantum LDPC codes with large girth while avoiding latent low-weight logical operators. As a concrete demonstration, we construct a girth-8, (3,12)-regular [[9216,4612,≤48]][[9216,4612, \leq 48]][[9216,4612,≤48]] quantum LDPC code and show that, under BP decoding combined with a low-complexity post-processing algorithm, it achieves a frame error rate as low as 10−810^{-8}10−8 on the depolarizing channel with error probability 4%4 \%4%.