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Quantum Walk Algorithms for Graph Partitioning

Jincheng Zhang

Published Sep 2, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Graph partitioning is a crucial problem in computer science with applications in diverse areas like VLSI design, image segmentation, and network analysis. Traditional classical algorithms often face significant challenges when dealing with large and complex graphs, leading to increased computational time and memory requirements. This paper explores the potential of quantum walk algorithms to address this issue. We propose a framework for leveraging quantum walk algorithms to efficiently explore the connectivity structure of a graph and identify optimal partitions. The core idea involves mapping the graph's nodes and edges onto a quantum system and utilizing the inherent parallelism of quantum walks to traverse the graph. We present a theoretical analysis of the algorithm's potential speedup compared to classical approaches, focusing on scenarios where quantum computation offers a significant advantage. Specifically, we formulate the graph partitioning problem as a search problem on a graph represented as a quantum walk, considering the Hamiltonian operator and its eigenstates for efficient traversal. The effectiveness of the algorithm is dependent on the graph's structure and the ability to accurately simulate the quantum walk. The presented methodology provides a novel approach to graph partitioning, potentially leading to substantial performance improvements for large, complex graphs.

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.22244669

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This paper explores the application of quantum walk algorithms to graph traversal and search problems. Classical algorithms often struggle with the computational complexity of traversing and searching large graphs, leading to significant time and resource limitations. Quantum walks, utilizing superposition and interference, offer a potential pathway to achieve exponential speedups. This work details the theoretical framework for applying quantum walks to graph problems, specifically focusing on traversal and search tasks. We present a generalized approach for mapping graph structures onto quantum walk systems and discuss the key mathematical formulations involved. The core of our investigation revolves around the construction of quantum walk operators that mimic the movement and interaction rules inherent in graph traversal. We analyze the evolution of the quantum walk state and derive expressions for the probability of reaching a specific node in the graph. Furthermore, we examine the impact of graph topology on the performance of the quantum walk, highlighting the potential for tailored algorithms to exploit specific graph structures. The results demonstrate the theoretical feasibility of quantum walk algorithms for significantly accelerating graph traversal and search operations, contributing to advancements in areas such as network analysis, database management, and artificial intelligence.
This paper investigates the application of quantum walks for graph partitioning, a computationally challenging problem with significant implications in areas such as network design, data analysis, and optimization. The core idea is to harness the unique properties of quantum mechanics, specifically superposition and interference, to explore the solution space more efficiently than classical algorithms. We propose a novel approach that utilizes a quantum walk on the graph, dynamically adjusting the step size based on local graph density and connectivity. This adaptive step size algorithm is critical to achieving optimal performance, allowing the quantum walk to converge to a near-optimal graph partition with potentially exponential speedup compared to traditional methods. The presented framework offers a promising direction for tackling large and complex graph partitioning problems, and our simulations demonstrate the potential for significant performance improvements. The key innovation lies in the combination of quantum walk dynamics with an adaptive step size strategy, addressing a critical challenge in applying quantum walks to graph problems. We outline the theoretical framework, provide a detailed description of the algorithm, and present initial simulation results that support the viability of this approach.
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