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Physical Review A

Stochastic multipath routing for high-throughput entanglement distribution in quantum repeater networks

Anonymous, Kang Hao Cheong

Published Sep 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1103/y3cj-jv95

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Quantum repeater networks distribute entanglement over lossy links while many users share a limited pool of entangled pairs. Most existing routing schemes either always use a single best path or rely on global optimizations that are hard to run in real time. Here we propose and analyze a simple alternative: a stochastic multipath rule in which each entanglement request is sent at random along one of several edge-disjoint repeater paths, with a single parameter that controls the bias between shorter and longer routes. Using a distance-dependent lossy network model with finite per-link capacities and probabilistic entanglement swapping, we develop an analytic description of the resulting end-to-end entanglement rate as a function of this bias and validate it with large-scale numerical simulations. We find that an intermediate bias consistently outperforms both deterministic extremes across distances, traffic patterns, attenuation, swapping noise, and congestion, bringing the rate close to simple capacity upper bounds and making link usage more even across networks. These results identify stochastic multipath routing as a lightweight classical control strategy for boosting performance and scalability in near-term quantum repeater networks.
The advancement of mobile quantum networks unlocks new opportunities for secure communication in dynamic environments, such as drone-based networks equipped with quantum repeaters. This work introduces Q-CAST Mobility, an adaptation of the Q-CAST quantum routing protocol, specifically optimized for mobile quantum nodes. By integrating concepts from classical reactive and proactive routing protocols, inspired by the Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), and leveraging Q-CAST’s quantum routing framework, Q-CAST Mobility combines multipath routing, dynamic route updates, and efficient qubit management to maintain robust quantum entanglements in highly mobile scenarios. To assess its performance, we conducted simulations across various mobility levels, comparing Q-CAST Mobility with state-of-the-art methods. The results demonstrate that Q-CAST Mobility significantly outperforms existing protocols regarding throughput, underscoring its efficiency and adaptability in mobile quantum communication networks.