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Frequency-Time Multiplexing for Near-Deterministic Generation of n-Photon Frequency-Bin States

Alex Fischer, Nathan T. Arnold, Colin P. Lualdi +5 more

One of the primary challenges of photonic quantum information processing is the on-demand preparation of multiple single-photon-level quantum states from probabilistic photon pair sources. Motivated by recent developments in frequency-bin-encoded photonic quantum information processing, here we consider active time multiplexing to generate n-photon states, where n single photons with n distinct frequencies occupy the same spatiotemporal mode. We devise an approach that uses optical quantum memories to manipulate the temporal mode of heralded single photons and an array of fiber Bragg grating reflectors to jointly manipulate the frequency and temporal modes of the photons, overlapping n photons in n separate frequency bins into a single spatiotemporal mode. We calculate multiphoton state generation rates that, accounting for loss, are realistically achievable with commercially available hardware. Using only a single free-space switchable delay loop for an optical quantum memory, this scheme could feasibly produce 8-photon states at an average rate of 1 kHz.One of the primary challenges of photonic quantum information processing is the on-demand preparation of multiple single-photon-level quantum states from probabilistic photon pair sources. Motivated by recent developments in frequency-bin-encoded photonic quantum information processing, here we consider active time multiplexing to generate n-photon states, where n single photons with n distinct frequencies occupy the same spatiotemporal mode. We devise an approach that uses optical quantum memories to manipulate the temporal mode of heralded single photons and an array of fiber Bragg grating reflectors to jointly manipulate the frequency and temporal modes of the photons, overlapping n photons in n separate frequency bins into a single spatiotemporal mode. We calculate multiphoton state generation rates that, accounting for loss, are realistically achievable with commercially available hardware. Using only a single free-space switchable delay loop for an optical quantum memory, this scheme could feasibly produce 8-photon states at an average rate of 1 kHz.

quant-pharXiv:2603.03576Mar 5, 20261 citation

Temporal Multiplexing toward Deterministic Single Photon Generation

Fumihiro Kaneda, Bradley Christensen, Jia Jun Wong +3 more

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyJun 10, 20150 citations

Near-deterministic generation of N-photon states via active time-frequency multiplexing

Alex Fischer, Nathan T. Arnold, Colin P. Lualdi +5 more

We propose a multiplexing scheme for generating multiphoton resource states for frequency-encoded photonic quantum computation using an optical quantum memory. We calculate feasible multiphoton state generation rates, and report progress toward experimental implementation.

Jan 1, 20260 citations

Zero-added-loss entanglement multiplexing using time-bin spectral shearing

Joseph C. Chapman, Muneer Alshowkan, Jack Postlewaite +2 more

High-quality quantum communications that enable important capabilities, such as distributed quantum computing and sensing, will require quantum repeaters for providing high-quality entanglement. To realize high-rate heralded entanglement for quantum repeaters, Chen et al. [Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 054209 (2023)] proposed a scheme for heralded-multiplexed generation of quasi-deterministic entangled photon pairs, called zero-added-loss multiplexing (ZALM). Here, we propose a design of ZALM source using time-bin entanglement and spectral shearing. Additionally, we provide an analysis of experimentally relevant spectral-shearing parameters to optimize the spectral multiplexing. Moreover, we experimentally verify the compatibility of time-bin pulses and spectral shearing, as supported by observation of no appreciable phase shift when the same shearing is applied to both time bins. These results expand the benefits of applying a ZALM source to time-bin entanglement use cases. Moreover, more fully demonstrating time-bin and spectral shearing compatibility clears a path towards a broader use of spectral shearing that provides a deterministic frequency shift of high utility.High-quality quantum communications that enable important capabilities, such as distributed quantum computing and sensing, will require quantum repeaters for providing high-quality entanglement. To realize high-rate heralded entanglement for quantum repeaters, Chen et al. [Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 054209 (2023)] proposed a scheme for heralded-multiplexed generation of quasi-deterministic entangled photon pairs, called zero-added-loss multiplexing (ZALM). Here, we propose a design of ZALM source using time-bin entanglement and spectral shearing. Additionally, we provide an analysis of experimentally relevant spectral-shearing parameters to optimize the spectral multiplexing. Moreover, we experimentally verify the compatibility of time-bin pulses and spectral shearing, as supported by observation of no appreciable phase shift when the same shearing is applied to both time bins. These results expand the benefits of applying a ZALM source to time-bin entanglement use cases. Moreover, more fully demonstrating time-bin and spectral shearing compatibility clears a path towards a broader use of spectral shearing that provides a deterministic frequency shift of high utility.

quant-pharXiv:2512.17148Physical Review AppliedDec 22, 20250 citations

Efficient Generation of Frequency-Multiplexed Entangled Single Photons

Tianhui Qiu, Min Xie

International Journal of Theoretical PhysicsAug 8, 20160 citations

Deterministic Generation of Single Photons

Herbert, Walther

量子光学学报Jan 1, 20061 citation

Frequency-time multiplexing for near-deterministic generation of n − photon frequency-bin states

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