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Physical Review A

Controlling the radiative dynamics of a giant Λ -type atom via the interference induced by the vacuum of a waveguide

Ci-Ming Deng, Ge Sun, Jing Lu, Lan Zhou

Published Aug 31, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1103/cxmx-ncdc

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Controlling radiative dynamics of a giant ΛΛΛ-type atom via interference induced by the vacuum of a waveguide
We investigate the dynamics of a ΛΛΛ-type giant atom (GA) whose both transition coupled to the guided modes of a one-dimensional (1D) waveguide at two spatially separated points with the GA initially excited and the electromagnetic (EM) modes of waveguide in vacuum. The spontaneous emission properties of this GA is investigated by solving the delay-differential equation for the amplitude of the 3GA in its excited state. Signatures of non-Markovian behavior is manifested in a population trapping in the excited state of the GA in the regime where the distance ddd of the coupling points is smaller or comparable to the coherent length LLL characterizing the width of the emitted wave packet. And an exact Markovian dynamics is also found when d≥Ld\geq Ld≥L via the inference by adjusting the energy spacing and the inherent time delay besides the complex phases in the atom-light coupling, matching the behavior of a small atom coupled to a waveguide.
We study a system composed of a three-level giant atom (3GA), a waveguide initially in the vacuum state, and a single-mode cavity. The 3GA-cavity system is in a strong-coupling regime, and the distance between the coupling points is comparable to the coherent length of a spontaneously emitted photon. The dynamics of the 3GA and its radiative field in the waveguide for long times are analyzed in each subspace with only one excitation exchanged between the waveguide and the 3GA cavity. Besides the steady value, we also found an oscillatory character of the excited-state population, a signature of oscillating bound states which is generated by the superposition of two bound states in the continuum. The radiative field propagates in the cavitylike geometry formed by the coupling points. When one bound state is emergent, a sinelike interference pattern is visible for the emitted photon distribution in spacetime. An oscillatory character in time and a beat in space for the emitted photon distribution are observed when two bound states are emergent in a subspace. The wavelengths and the periods are controlled by the number of photons in the cavity.