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IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings

A Quantum Wavemeter Using Coherence de Broglie Wavelength in a Single Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

Byoung Seung HAM

Published Jul 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/sum69529.2026.11660095

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A quantum wavemetry scheme based on the coherence de Broglie wavelength (CBW) is proposed using an M coupled Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI) architecture to achieve superresolution sensing and metrology. Although CBW does not attain the Heisenberg limit, it circumvents the key practical limitations of N00N state based quantum sensing, including restricted photon number N, reduced fringe visibility, and strong susceptibility to photon loss. The CBW approach enables loss tolerant operation with arbitrarily large M, while maintaining near unity fringe visibility. Fully compatible with coherence optics, the CBW scheme can be directly integrated into conventional wavemetry systems, providing both superresolution and enhanced sensitivity. A proof of principle experiment demonstrating CBW based superresolution is implemented using a Sagnac integrated round trip MZI structure for M=2, validating the feasibility of the proposed quantum wavemetry design.
Abstract Quantum sensing has drawn considerable attention as a means to overcome the fundamental limitations in classical sensing. In practice, however, quantum sensing has been strongly constrained by the photon loss, the achievable photon number N in N00N states, and by a finite squeezing level in squeezed states. These limitations are particularly critical to photon-loss-sensitive applications such as LiDAR as well as to general sensing platforms that require large effective N, such as ring-laser gyroscopes. Recently, fundamentally different sensing platforms have been reported to overcome both classical and quantum constraints in a practical regime. One such approach exploits the coherence de Broglie wavelength (CBW) realized in an anti-symmetrically coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) architecture. Here, a pure quantum mechanical analysis of the CBW is presented for a loss-free sensing mechanism of superresolution with enhanced sensitivity. A proof-of-principle demonstration of CBW is also presented.
Quantum sensing exploits nonclassical states of light, including multiphoton entangled states and squeezed states, to achieve superresolution and/or super-sensitivity. However, its practical implementation is constrained by state-generation complexity, photon loss, and detection efficiency. Here, we present a quantum-operator analysis of coherence de Broglie wavelength (CBW) in an anti-symmetrically coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) architecture and clarify the origin of its superresolution and enhanced phase sensitivity. The two-mode SU(2) structure of the MZI, represented by Pauli operators, shows that successive basis-realigned transformations produce an Nth-order unitary U^N(phi), yielding N-fold phase accumulation (1+cosNphi). The quantum-operator description is particularly significant at the single-photon level, where even a single photon undergoes the Nth-order unitary evolution through its coherent evolution in the two-mode state space. This differs from entanglement-based quantum sensing based on photonic de Broglie wavelength interferometry, where N-fold phase accumulation is associated with an N-photon entangled state. The same SU(2) transformation also applies to coherent classical fields, establishing a classical-quantum correspondence of the CBW phase evolution. Fisher-information analysis further shows that the architecture-induced phase transformation yields an order-dependent enhancement of phase sensitivity without increasing the photon number or statistical sampling. CBW therefore provides an architecture-controlled route to high-order interferometric superresolution, accompanied by enhanced phase sensitivity, with potential applications to fringe-counting wavemetry and Fourier-transform-based sensing.