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Modern Physics Letters B

Tripartite interaction-regulated tunable multi-photon blockades and antibunched emissions of single/pair multi-photon bundles in a single Josephson-photonics device

Xinke Li, Rui Liu, Yuan Zhou, Guanghui Wang, Lianzhen Cao, Yong-chen Xiong

Published Aug 23, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a practical scheme to realize tunable multi-photon blockades and antibunched emissions of single and paired multi-photon bundles in a single Josephson-photonics device, consisting of a voltage-biased Josephson junction, a superconducting qubit and two nondegenerate microwave resonators. Under multi-photon resonance conditions, Cooper-pair tunneling is effectively modulated by the two-level qubit, inducing various multi-photon tripartite interactions among the three subsystems and enabling tunable multi-photon blockades. With engineered dissipation introduced, the device produces antibunched single multi-photon bundles from one resonator as well as correlated paired bundles from both resonators. By extending generalized second-order correlation functions to characterize paired-bundle emissions, we show via numerical simulations that both single and paired multi-photon bundles exhibit strong antibunching and high interbundle correlations. This work provides a promising experimental pathway toward constructing tunable multi-photon blockades and nonclassical multi-photon-bundle sources, with potential applications in quantum information processing and fundamental research on multi-photon multipartite interactions.

DOI
10.1142/s0217984926502131

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We propose an experimentally feasible scheme for generating antibunched NNN-photon bundles by a dc voltage-biased Josephson junction in series with a superconducting microwave resonator and a charge qubit. Each resonant tunneling Cooper pair leads to the excitation of the charge qubit and resonator with NNN photons simultaneously via the ac Josephson effect. Meanwhile, the charge qubit with strong anharmonicity is utilized to regulate the tunneling behavior of the Cooper pairs; that is, the presence of NNN photons in the resonator prevents the next tunnel event. So the resonator contains only NNN photons or none, and all other possibilities are greatly suppressed. Combined with the system's dissipation, the resonator can emit its energy in antibunched bundles of NNN strongly correlated photons with high purity and an in situ tunable emission rate. Such a nonclassical source could be useful in applications in the field of quantum information science.
Abstract We propose to generate photon-pair blockade in a Josephson-photonics circuit that consists of a dc voltage-biased Josephson junction in series with a superconducting charge qubit and two nondegenerate microwave resonators. The two-level charge qubit is utilized to create anticorrelations of the charge transport; that is, the simultaneous Cooper pair tunneling events are inhibited. When the Josephson frequency matches the sum of resonance frequencies of the charge qubit and the two resonators, we demonstrate that the two resonators can release their energies in the form of antibunched pairs of two strongly correlated photons. The present work provides a practical way for producing a bright microwave source of antibunched photon pairs, with potential applications ranging from spectroscopy and metrology to quantum information processing.
Single-photon generation is an important proof of the underlying quantum nature of a physical process and a ubiquitous tool for scientific exploration, with applications ranging from spectroscopy and metrology to quantum computing.In the microwave regime, emission of antibunched radiation has so far relied on coherent control of Josephson qubits requiring precisely calibrated microwave pulses.In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the operation of a bright on-demand source of quantum microwave radiation driven by a simple dc voltage bias across a Josephson junction.Our source is based on photon emission into a microwave resonator through inelastic Cooper pair tunneling regulated by a high-impedance RC circuit preventing simultaneous tunnel events.It is characterized by its normalized second-order correlation function of g ð2Þ ð0Þ ≈ 0.43 corresponding to antibunching in the single-photon regime.Our device can be triggered, and its in situ tunable emission rate exceeds those obtained with current microwave singlephoton sources by more than 1 order of magnitude.
Abstract When connecting a voltage-biased Josephson junction in series to several microwave cavities, a Cooper-pair current across the junction gives rise to a continuous emission of strongly correlated photons into the cavity modes. Tuning the bias voltage to the resonance where a single Cooper pair provides the energy to create an additional photon in each of the cavities, we demonstrate the entangling nature of these creation processes by simple witnesses in terms of experimentally accessible observables. To characterize the entanglement properties of the such created quantum states of light to the fullest possible extent, we then proceed to more elaborate entanglement criteria based on the knowledge of the full density matrix and provide a detailed study of bi- and multipartite entanglement. In particular, we illustrate how due to the relatively simple design of these circuits changes of experimental parameters allow one to access a wide variety of entangled states differing, e.g., in the number of entangled parties or the dimension of state space. Such devices, besides their promising potential to act as a highly versatile source of entangled quantum microwaves, may thus represent an excellent natural testbed for classification and quantification schemes developed in quantum information theory.
When connecting a voltage-biased Josephson junction in series to several microwave cavities, a Cooper-pair current across the junction gives rise to a continuous emission of strongly correlated photons into the cavity modes. Tuning the bias voltage to the resonance where a single Cooper pair provides the energy to create an additional photon in each of the cavities, we demonstrate the entangling nature of these creation processes by simple witnesses in terms of experimentally accessible observables. To characterize the entanglement properties of the such created quantum states of light to the fullest possible extent, we then proceed to more elaborate entanglement criteria based on the knowledge of the full density matrix and provide a detailed study of bi- and multipartite entanglement. In particular, we illustrate how due to the relatively simple design of these circuits changes of experimental parameters allow one to access a wide variety of entangled states differing, e.g., in the number of entangled parties or the dimension of state space. Such devices, besides their promising potential to act as a highly versatile source of entangled quantum microwaves, may thus represent an excellent natural testbed for classification and quantification schemes developed in quantum information theory.
Single-photon devices at microwave frequencies are important for applications in quantum information processing and communication in the microwave regime. In this work we describe a proposal of a multioutput single-photon device. We consider two superconducting resonators coupled to a gap-tunable qubit via both its longitudinal and transverse degrees of freedom. Thus, this qubit-resonator coupling differs from the coupling in standard circuit quantum-electrodynamic systems described by the Jaynes-Cummings model. We demonstrate that an effective quadratic coupling between one of the normal modes and the qubit can be induced and this induced second-order nonlinearity is much larger than that for conventional Kerr-type systems exhibiting photon blockade. Assuming that a coupled normal mode is resonantly driven, we observe that the output fields from the resonators exhibit strong sub-Poissonian photon-number statistics and photon antibunching. Contrary to previous studies on resonant photon blockade, the first-excited state of our device is a pure single-photon Fock state rather than a polariton state, i.e., a highly hybridized qubit-photon state. In addition, it is found that the optical state truncation caused by the strong qubit-induced nonlinearity can lead to an entanglement between the two resonators, even in their steady state under the Markov approximation.