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Quantum Key Distribution in Supply Chains A Hybrid Architecture for Quantum-Resilient, High-Value Interorganizational Data

Mustafa S. Aljumaily

Published Aug 22, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.13140/rg.2.2.14809.07520

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Hospitals increasingly store highly sensitive clinical data outside the primary facility, including medical imaging archives, long-term backups, clinical documents, and inter-site replicated data. While essential for care delivery, resilience, and collaboration, these off-site workflows expose data to long-term confidentiality risks such as harvest-now-decrypt-later attacks, insider threats at external providers, and future cryptographic degradation—under strict requirements for availability and minimal operational disruption. This paper presents a practical hybrid security architecture that combines post-quantum cryptography (PQC) and quantum key distribution (QKD) to protect off-site hospital data. PQC provides an always-available baseline for secure key delivery across all workflows and coordination between distributed security components, while QKD, when available, supplies additional high-entropy key material through a centralized Key Management System (KMS). Importantly, QKD is treated as an optional enhancement rather than a dependency: when QKD is unavailable, all services continue uninterrupted using PQC-based protection. The architecture is applied to three representative workflows: off-site PACS imaging storage, FHIR-based off-site health record storage, and secure inter-site data transfers.
The integration of quantum communication principles with 5G technology presents a groundbreaking approach to addressing the growing demand for high-speed, secure, and resilient communication systems. This paper proposes a Quantum-Driven Hybrid Network Architecture that leverages Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) for unparalleled security and combines it with 5G's ultra-fast data transmission capabilities. The architecture integrates key components such as QKD modules, 5G infrastructure, and edge computing, organized into a layered framework comprising quantum, network control, and application layers. Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements in throughput (up to 23.5%), latency reduction (up to 25%), and error rate reduction in high-noise environments (from 0.25% to 0.05%). The proposed system also exhibits enhanced security, achieving a 100% success rate in mitigating eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. Using resource-efficient mechanisms, the hybrid network achieves an overall accuracy of 97.8% in secure and resilient data transmission. This work validates the potential of quantum-enhanced 5G systems to meet the challenges of future communication networks.
Healthcare systems are increasingly data-driven through EHRs, telemedicine, and IoT-based medical devices. However, cyber threats, poor interoperability, and data tampering expose the vulnerabilities of centralized systems. Blockchain offers immutability and transparency, yet its traditional cryptography faces risks from quantum computing, which can compromise existing encryption. To address this, the chapter proposes a quantum-enhanced blockchain framework integrating post-quantum cryptography (PQC), quantum key distribution (QKD), and hybrid quantum-classical consensus. The model strengthens confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) of healthcare data while ensuring interoperability and regulatory compliance. Key applications include secure EHR and genomic data management, automated patient consent handling, transparent drug supply chain monitoring, and protection of clinical research. The chapter also discusses ethical, technical, and regulatory challenges, offering insights into building resilient, quantum-secure healthcare ecosystems.