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Does Quantum Mechanics Rule Out an Ultimate Theory of the Universe? From the Uncertainty Principle to the possibility that Nature has no final page

Ijaz Durrani

Published Aug 9, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.13140/rg.2.2.33254.18244

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I show that the classical Hamilton-Jacobi (H-J) equation can be used as a technique to study quantum mechanical problems. I first show that the the Schrödinger equation is just the classical H-J equation, constrained by a condition that forces the solutions of the H-J equation to be everywhere C2C^2C2. That is, quantum mechanics is just classical mechanics constrained to ensure that ``God does not play dice with the universe.'' I show that this condition, which imposes global determinism, strongly suggests that ψ∗ψψ^*ψψ∗ψ measures the density of universes in a multiverse. I show that this interpretation implies the Born Interpretation, and that the function space for ψψψ is larger than a Hilbert space, with plane waves automatically included. Finally, I use H-J theory to derive the momentum-position uncertainty relation, thus proving that in quantum mechanics, uncertainty arises from the interference of the other universes of the multiverse, not from some intrinsic indeterminism in nature.
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Several theories of quantum gravity propose the existence of a minimal measurable length and maximum measurable momentum near the Planck scale. When integrated into the framework of quantum mechanics, such restrictions lead to the generalization of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which is commonly referred to as the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). The GUP has been applied to a plethora of physical models in order to provide further insights on our understanding of the Universe, both in the macroscopic and the microscopic regime. Nevertheless, the corrections related to GUP are expected to be extremely small, which thus renders experimental verification a difficult task. Therefore, phenomenological approaches on a qualitative level are typically addressed with the aim of enhancing our possibility of detecting these tiny effects. Motivated by a recent work on a universal decoherence mechanism stemming from the standard formulation of GUP, we extend the ideas contained therein by considering a more general form of GUP which includes linear and quadratic momentum terms to examine its implications. To achieve such a picture, we equip the deformation parameter appearing in front of all momentum terms with a stochastic nature, so that the effective decoherence mechanism emerges by taking the average over fluctuations. We find that, despite the apparently small differences among the two generalizations of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the consequences at the level of the universal decoherence mechanism they entail is significant, as they predict decoherence times that are completely uncorrelated and distinct.