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Annalen der Physik

Probing Higher‐Order Quantum Correlations in High Energy Physics

A. Liu, Cong‐Feng Qiao

Published Aug 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

ABSTRACT Nonlocality is a peculiar nature of quanta, and it stands as an important quantum resource in application. Yet its mere linear property of it, viz. the first order in moment, has been explored through various inequalities. Noticing that the vast higher‐order regime remains unexplored, in this study we investigate the higher‐order quantum correlations in entangled hyperon‐antihyperon system, which may be generated massively in charmonium decays. A new type of Clauser‐Horne inequality for statistical cumulants and central moments is formulated. We find that a significant violation of the third‐order constraint, indicating the existence of higher‐order correlation, exists in hyperon‐antihyperon system and can be observed in high‐energy physics experiments, like BESIII and Belle II. Notably, the violation is more pronounced in higher‐energy systems of the pair against the kinematic contamination of timelike events.

DOI
10.1002/andp.70264

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ABSTRACT Nonlocality is a peculiar nature of quanta, and it stands as an important quantum resource in application. Yet its mere linear property of it, viz. the first order in moment, has been explored through various inequalities. Noticing that the vast higher‐order regime remains unexplored, in this study we investigate the higher‐order quantum correlations in entangled hyperon‐antihyperon system, which may be generated massively in charmonium decays. A new type of Clauser‐Horne inequality for statistical cumulants and central moments is formulated. We find that a significant violation of the third‐order constraint, indicating the existence of higher‐order correlation, exists in hyperon‐antihyperon system and can be observed in high‐energy physics experiments, like BESIII and Belle II. Notably, the violation is more pronounced in higher‐energy systems of the pair against the kinematic contamination of timelike events.
Nonlocality is a peculiar nature of quanta and it stands as an important quantum resource in application. Yet mere linear property of it, viz. the first order in moment, has been explored through various inequalities. Noticing the vast higher-order regime unexplored, in this study we investigate the higher-order quantum correlations in entangled hyperon-antihyperon system, which may be generated massively in charmonium decays. A new type of Clauser-Horne inequality for statistical cumulants and central moments is formulated. We find that a significant violation of the third-order constraint, indicating the existence of higher-order correlation, exists in hyperon-antihyperon system and can be observed in high energy physics experiments, like BESIII and Belle II. Notably, the violation manifests more in higher energy systems of the ΛΛˉΛ\barΛΛΛˉ pair against the kinematic contamination of timelike events.
The Bell nonlocality and entanglement are two kinds of quantum correlations in quantum systems. Due to the recent upgrade in the Beijing Spectrometer III (BESIII) experiment, it is possible to explore the nonlocality and entanglement in hyperon-antihyperon systems produced in electron-positron annihilation with high precision data. We provide a systematic method for studying quantum correlations in spin- 1 / 2 hyperon-antihyperon systems through the measures for the nonlocality and entanglement. We find that with nonvanishing polarizations of the hyperon and its antihyperon, the kinematic region of nonlocality in the hyperon-antihyperon system is more restricted than the τ + τ − system in which polarizations of τ leptons are vanishing. We also present an experimental proposal to probe the nonlocality and entanglement in hyperon-antihyperon systems at BSEIII. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Abstract The rapid developments of quantum information science (QIS) have opened up new avenues for exploring fundamental physics. Quantum nonlocality, a key aspect for distinguishing quantum information from classical one, has undergone extensive examinations in particles’ decays through the violation of Bell-type inequalities. Despite these advancements, a comprehensive framework based on quantum information theory for particle interaction is still lacking. Trying to close this gap, we introduce a generalized quantum measurement description for decay processes of spin-1/2 hyperons. We validate this approach by aligning it with established theoretical calculations and apply it to the joint decay of Λ Λ ¯ pairs. We employ quantum simulation to observe the violation of Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequalities in η c / χ c 0 → Λ Λ ¯ processes. Our generalized measurement description is adaptable and can be extended to a variety of high energy processes, including decays of vector mesons, J / ψ , ψ ( 2 S ) → Λ Λ ¯ , in the Beijing Spectrometer III (BESIII) experiment at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC). The methodology developed in this study can be applied to quantum correlation and information processing in fundamental interactions.
Nonlocality is a key feature of quantum theory and is reflected in the violation of Bell inequalities for entangled systems. The experimental tests beyond the electromagnetism and massless quanta are of great importance for understanding the nonlocality in different quantum interactions. In this work, we develop a generalized Clauser-Horne inequality pertaining especially to the high energy physics processes, which is quantum mechanical intervene free. We find, in the process of pseudoscalar quarkonium exclusive decay to entangled $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}$ pairs, the inequality could be violated and is verifiable in high energy experiments like BES III or BELLE II.
Abstract The non-locality of quantum correlations is a fundamental feature of quantum theory. The Bell inequality serves as a benchmark for distinguishing between predictions made by quantum theory and local hidden variable theory (LHVT). Recent advancements in photon-entanglement experiments have addressed potential loopholes and have observed significant violations of variants of Bell inequality. However, these violations do not completely disprove LHVT. To further rule out LHVT, experiments involving massive-entangled particles are necessary, in addition to those conducted with massless photons, which interact electromagnetically. In this study, we utilize (10.087±0.044)×10^{9} J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. We present the first non-local correlation test of spin entanglement using a massive Λ -Λ bipartite system, which is formed and decays through strong and weak interactions, respectively. Through measurements of the angular distribution of p anti-p in J/ψ→ γηc and subsequent ηc→Λ(pπ-)-Λ(-pπ+) cascade decays, a significant violation of LHVT predictions is observed in a loophole-free test of a variant of the Bell inequality, which is given by the Clauser-Horne inequality. The exclusion of LHVT is determined to be significant at a level of 5.2σ.
The hyperon-antihyperon pairs produced in electron-positron annihilation as a massive two-qubit quantum system can be used to study the quantum correlations at high energies. This paper is theoretically dedicated to how polarization of lepton beams manipulates the Bell nonlocality and entanglement of hyperon pair systems. The response of the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt parameter, concurrence, and negativity to the polarization degree of the beam is numerically calculated by exploiting the joint spin density matrix of hyperon-antihyperon pairs. Different influences of longitudinal and transverse polarization of beams on entanglement are found and compared. The results provide alternative perspectives for the decay of charmonium to hyperon pairs.