Beyond Heisenberg: Is the Uncertainty Principle Merely the Low-Energy Shadow of Quantum Gravity?

We present a recipe for simulating one-dimensional quantum systems for low and high energies with $L$ qubits within the framework of first quantisation. Assuming a minimum grid spacing $ΔL$ in the finite-difference method, the generalised uncertainty principle (GUP) is derived analytically and shows distinct properties for low- and high-energy quantum systems. In the low-energy regime, the GUP approaches to the standard Heisenberg uncertainty principle (HUP) for $ ΔL \ll \hbar$. However, for finite $ΔL \neq 0$ , the GUP mathematically provides three different regions dependent on the average momentum and suggests that a wavefunction can exhibit a single-point localisation at the finite momentum uncertainty due to lack of grid resolution. We then derive a new expression for the high-energy momentum and focus on two specific cases relevant to relativistic aspects. First, if the HUP is relaxed and the high-energy momentum is matched to the special-relativistic one, the resulting GUP predicts the existence of a minimum length with non-zero mass for high energy despite the continuous limit $ΔL = 0$ . Second, enforcing consistency with the HUP allows the recovery of a canonical high-energy representation with no minimum length. But this requirement brings incompatibility with the special-relativistic momentum and suggests a modified energy-momentum equation. Therefore, we believe that the proposed momentum formulation provides a novel pathway to investigate quantum gravity phenomena for high energy using quantum simulation tools.We present a recipe for simulating one-dimensional quantum systems for low and high energies with $L$ qubits within the framework of first quantisation. Assuming a minimum grid spacing $ΔL$ in the finite-difference method, the generalised uncertainty principle (GUP) is derived analytically and shows distinct properties for low- and high-energy quantum systems. In the low-energy regime, the GUP approaches to the standard Heisenberg uncertainty principle (HUP) for $ ΔL \ll \hbar$. However, for finite $ΔL \neq 0$, the GUP mathematically provides three different regions dependent on the average momentum and suggests that a wavefunction can exhibit a single-point localisation at the finite momentum uncertainty due to lack of grid resolution. We then derive a new expression for the high-energy momentum and focus on two specific cases relevant to relativistic aspects. First, if the HUP is relaxed and the high-energy momentum is matched to the special-relativistic one, the resulting GUP predicts the existence of a minimum length with non-zero mass for high energy despite the continuous limit $ΔL = 0$. Second, enforcing consistency with the HUP allows the recovery of a canonical high-energy representation with no minimum length. But this requirement brings incompatibility with the special-relativistic momentum and suggests a modified energy-momentum equation. Therefore, we believe that the proposed momentum formulation provides a novel pathway to investigate quantum gravity phenomena for high energy using quantum simulation tools.

quant-pharXiv:2607.19602Jul 23, 2026

Probing Planck-scale spacetime by cavity opto-atomic $^{87}$ Rb interferometryProbing Planck-scale spacetime by cavity opto-atomic $^{87}$Rb interferometry

Mohsen Khodadi, Kourosh Nozari, Anha Bhat +1 more

The project of quantum spacetime phenomenology focuses on searching pragmatically for the Planck-scale quantum features of spacetime. Among these features is the existence of a characteristic length scale commonly addressed by effective approaches to quantum gravity (QG). This characteristic length scale could be simply realized, for instance, by generalizing the standard Heisenberg uncertainty principle to a generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). While it is usually expected that phenomena belonging to the realm of QG are essentially probable solely at the so-called Planck energy, here we show how a GUP proposal containing the most general modification of coordinate representation of the momentum operator could be probed by a cold atomic ensemble recoil experiment (CARE) as a low-energy quantum system. This proposed atomic interferometer setup has advantages over the conventional architectures owing to the enclosure in a high-finesse optical cavity that is supported by a new class of low-power-consumption integrated devices known as micro-electro-opto-mechanical systems. In the framework of a top-down-inspired bottom-up QG phenomenological viewpoint and by taking into account the measurement accuracy realized for the fine structure constant from the rubidium (⁠| $^{87}$ |Rb) CARE, we set some constraints as upper bounds on the characteristic parameters of the underlying GUP. In the case of superposition of the possible GUP modification terms, we managed to set a tight constraint of | $0.999\,978 <\lambda_0<1.000\,02$ | for the dimensionless characteristic parameter. Our study shows that the best playground to test QG approaches is not merely high-energy physics, but a table-top nanosystem assembly as well. PACS numbers: 04.60.-m, 04.60.BcThe project of quantum spacetime phenomenology focuses on searching pragmatically for the Planck-scale quantum features of spacetime. Among these features is the existence of a characteristic length scale commonly addressed by effective approaches to quantum gravity (QG). This characteristic length scale could be simply realized, for instance, by generalizing the standard Heisenberg uncertainty principle to a generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). While it is usually expected that phenomena belonging to the realm of QG are essentially probable solely at the so-called Planck energy, here we show how a GUP proposal containing the most general modification of coordinate representation of the momentum operator could be probed by a cold atomic ensemble recoil experiment (CARE) as a low-energy quantum system. This proposed atomic interferometer setup has advantages over the conventional architectures owing to the enclosure in a high-finesse optical cavity that is supported by a new class of low-power-consumption integrated devices known as micro-electro-opto-mechanical systems. In the framework of a top-down-inspired bottom-up QG phenomenological viewpoint and by taking into account the measurement accuracy realized for the fine structure constant from the rubidium (⁠|$^{87}$|Rb) CARE, we set some constraints as upper bounds on the characteristic parameters of the underlying GUP. In the case of superposition of the possible GUP modification terms, we managed to set a tight constraint of |$0.999\,978 <\lambda_0<1.000\,02$| for the dimensionless characteristic parameter. Our study shows that the best playground to test QG approaches is not merely high-energy physics, but a table-top nanosystem assembly as well. PACS numbers: 04.60.-m, 04.60.Bc

arXiv:1804.06389Progress of Theoretical and Experimental PhysicsApr 2, 201914 citations

Time-Mass Uncertainty and the Quantum-Gravitational Extension of Heisenberg's Principle

Hakan ÜNAL

Sep 21, 20260 citations

The shadows of quantum gravity on quantum non-locality

S. Aghababaei, Hooman Moradpour, Hamid Shabani

Bell's inequality is a strong criterion to distinguish classic and quantum mechanical aspects of reality. Its violation is the net effect of the non-locality stored in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle (HUP) generalized by quantum gravity scenarios, called generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). Here, the effects of GUP on Bell-like operators of two, and three outcomes, as well as continuous cases, are studied. The achievements claim that the violation quality of Bell's and Bell-like inequalities may be a proper tool to get better understanding of the quantum features of gravity and its effects on reality. Indeed, it is obtained that the current accuracy of Stern-Gerlach experiments implies $\beta_0\ll10^{23}$ .Bell's inequality is a strong criterion to distinguish classic and quantum mechanical aspects of reality. Its violation is the net effect of the non-locality stored in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle (HUP) generalized by quantum gravity scenarios, called generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). Here, the effects of GUP on Bell-like operators of two, and three outcomes, as well as continuous cases, are studied. The achievements claim that the violation quality of Bell's and Bell-like inequalities may be a proper tool to get better understanding of the quantum features of gravity and its effects on reality. Indeed, it is obtained that the current accuracy of Stern-Gerlach experiments implies $\beta_0\ll10^{23}$.

Jun 28, 20210 citations

We present a recipe for simulating one-dimensional quantum systems for low and high energies with

L

qubits within the framework of first quantisation. Assuming a minimum grid spacing

ΔL

in the finite-difference method, the generalised uncertainty principle (GUP) is derived analytically and shows distinct properties for low- and high-energy quantum systems. In the low-energy regime, the GUP approaches to the standard Heisenberg uncertainty principle (HUP) for $ ΔL \ll \hbar$. However, for finite

ΔL \neq 0

, the GUP mathematically provides three different regions dependent on the average momentum and suggests that a wavefunction can exhibit a single-point localisation at the finite momentum uncertainty due to lack of grid resolution. We then derive a new expression for the high-energy momentum and focus on two specific cases relevant to relativistic aspects. First, if the HUP is relaxed and the high-energy momentum is matched to the special-relativistic one, the resulting GUP predicts the existence of a minimum length with non-zero mass for high energy despite the continuous limit

ΔL = 0

. Second, enforcing consistency with the HUP allows the recovery of a canonical high-energy representation with no minimum length. But this requirement brings incompatibility with the special-relativistic momentum and suggests a modified energy-momentum equation. Therefore, we believe that the proposed momentum formulation provides a novel pathway to investigate quantum gravity phenomena for high energy using quantum simulation tools.

Probing Planck-scale spacetime by cavity opto-atomic

^{87}

Rb interferometry

^{87}

|Rb) CARE, we set some constraints as upper bounds on the characteristic parameters of the underlying GUP. In the case of superposition of the possible GUP modification terms, we managed to set a tight constraint of |

0.999\,978 <\lambda_0<1.000\,02

| for the dimensionless characteristic parameter. Our study shows that the best playground to test QG approaches is not merely high-energy physics, but a table-top nanosystem assembly as well. PACS numbers: 04.60.-m, 04.60.Bc

\beta_0\ll10^{23}