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Study and Implementation of the BB84 Quantum Key Distribution Protocol for Secure Free-Space Quantum Communication

Manish Kumar, Pankaj Kumar Gupta

Published Aug 2, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.13140/rg.2.2.11301.26084

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International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology•Apr 21, 2024•0 citations
Abstract Free-space quantum communication assumes importance as it is a precursor for satellite-based quantum communication needed for secure key distribution over longer distances. Prepare and measure quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols like BB84 consider the satellite as a trusted device, which is fraught with security threat looking at the current trend for satellite-based optical communication. Therefore, entanglement-based protocols must be preferred, so that one can consider the satellite as an untrusted device. The current work reports the effect of atmospheric aerosols on the key rate obtained with BBM92 QKD protocol, an entanglement-based QKD protocol over 200 m distance, using an indigenous facility developed at Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad, India. Our results show that concentration and extinction coefficient of atmospheric aerosols play a major role in influencing the observed sift key rate, and eventually, the secure key rate. Such experiments are important to validate the models to account for the atmospheric effects on the key rates achieved through satellite-based QKD.
One promising way to use quantum information to secure everyday communication is through the distribution of quantum keys. By exchanging a secret key, the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) approach allows two parties to communicate securely.BB84 protocol is among the most well-known QKD protocols. In this protocol, qubits are exchanged via a quantum channel between the sender and the receiver. This enables them to produce a shared key that is impenetrable to eavesdroppers and illustrate the fundamental ideas of QKD using current simulations and implementations. The results of this study demonstrate that the BB84 protocol is a highly secure QKD technique that has been investigated in great detail and used in a variety of contexts. Additionally, over the enhancements made to the BB84 protocol such as the use of advanced error correction techniques and decoy states to increase its security and usability is discussed. With an emphasis on the BB84 protocol in secure communication technologies, this study offers an extensive analysis of QKD systems overall.