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Chinese Physics B

Device-Independent Quantum Secret Sharing With Advanced Random Key Generation Basis Enhanced by Advantage Distillation

Yong-Hui Yang, Jianhong Shi, Hong‐Wei Li, Hai-Long Zhang, Yun-Teng Yang, Yu-Bing Zhu, Yan‐Yang Zhou

Published Jul 30, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Quantum secret sharing (QSS) stands as one of the most promising components of quantum cryptography. Device-independent quantum secret sharing (DI-QSS) provides enhanced security by eliminating the need for device trust, yet its practical performance remains constrained by channel loss and noise. To overcome this limitation, this work innovatively integrates tripartite advantage distillation (AD) with an advanced random key generation basis strategy. This approach effectively improves the protocol’ s noise tolerance, reduces the global detection effciency threshold, and significantly extends the maximum secure communication distance. Numerical simulations demonstrate that, under ideal noisy channel conditions, the protocol’ s maximum secure distance increases from 0.82 km to 4.13 km, its global detection effciency threshold decreases from 93.42% to 80.23%, and the noise tolerance rises from 9.23% to 24.18%. This scheme significantly enhances the robustness of the protocol.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/ae926c

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Abstract Quantum secret sharing (QSS) stands as one of the most promising components of quantum cryptography. Device-independent quantum secret sharing (DI-QSS) provides enhanced security by eliminating the need for device trust, yet its practical performance remains constrained by channel loss and noise. To overcome this limitation, this work innovatively integrates tripartite advantage distillation (AD) with an advanced random key generation basis strategy. This approach effectively improves the protocol’ s noise tolerance, reduces the global detection effciency threshold, and significantly extends the maximum secure communication distance. Numerical simulations demonstrate that, under ideal noisy channel conditions, the protocol’ s maximum secure distance increases from 0.82 km to 4.13 km, its global detection effciency threshold decreases from 93.42% to 80.23%, and the noise tolerance rises from 9.23% to 24.18%. This scheme significantly enhances the robustness of the protocol.
Device-independent quantum secret sharing (DI-QSS) provides high security by eliminating the need to trust devices, yet its practical performance is limited by channel loss and noise. This work extends advantage distillation from two-party quantum key distribution (QKD) to three-party DI-QSS, redesigning the corresponding data interaction and verification procedures. The technique is systematically applied to the basic protocol and three active improvement strategies: noise preprocessing, post-selection, and their combination. This approach enhances noise tolerance, reduces the required global detection efficiency threshold, and significantly extends the maximum secure communication distance. Numerical simulations demonstrate that for the basic protocol over fiber, the maximum secure distance increases from 0.16 km to 1.85 km, and the noise tolerance improves from 10.17% to 28.49%. The results show that generalizing advantage distillation to the three-party setting effectively strengthens the protocol's robustness and practicality, enhancing its adaptability to realistic noise and advancing the development of more reliable quantum secret sharing systems.
Quantum secret sharing (QSS) enables a dealer to securely distribute keys to multiple players. Device-independent (DI) QSS can resist all possible attacks from practical imperfect devices and provide QSS the highest level of security in theory. However, DI QSS requires high-performance devices, especially for low-noise channels, which is a big challenge to demonstrate experimentally. We propose a DI QSS protocol with the advanced random key generation basis strategy, which combines the random key generation basis with the noise preprocessing and postselection strategies. We develop the methods to numerically simulate the key generation rate in an acceptable time. Our DI QSS protocol has some advantages. First, it can increase the noise tolerance threshold from an initial 7.147% to 9.231% (29.16% growth) and reduce the global detection efficiency threshold from 96.32% to 93.41%. The maximal distance between any two users increases to 1.43 km, which is about 5.5 times the initial value. Second, by randomly selecting two basis combinations to generate the key, our DI QSS protocol can reduce the entanglement resource consumption. Our protocol has potential for the experimental demonstration of DI QSS and application in the future.
Device-independent (DI) quantum secret sharing (QSS) can relax the security assumptions about the devices' internal workings and provide QSS the highest level of security in theory. The original DI QSS protocol proved its correctness and completeness under a causal independence assumption regarding measurement devices. However, there has been a lack of DI QSS's performance characterization in practical communication situations, which impedes its experimental demonstration and application in the future. Here we propose a three-partite DI QSS protocol with noise preprocessing and postselection strategies and develop the numerical methods to implement its performance characterization in practical communication situations. The adoption of the noise preprocessing and postselection can reduce DI QSS's global detection efficiency threshold from 96.32% to 94.30% and increase the noise threshold from 7.148% to 8.072%. Our DI QSS protocol has two advantages. First, it is a DI QSS protocol with performance characterization in practical communication situations. Second, the adoption of noise preprocessing and postselection can effectively relax its experimental requirement and enhance the noise resistance. Our DI QSS protocol has potential for future experimental demonstration and application.
Device-independent quantum secret sharing (DI-QSS) provides security against untrusted quantum devices. While device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) using Mermin-Peres magic square game [Zhen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett, 2023] has been proposed, we present the first DI-QSS protocol based on a pseudo-telepathy parity game without requiring dedicated rounds and specific basis configuration, unlike CHSH-based DI-QSS schemes [Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. A, 2024]. Our scheme simultaneously certifies device-independence and key generation using a single test, achieving optimal performance for a seven-qubit GHZ state configuration. Security against collective attacks is analyzed, and a positive key rate is obtained under white noise and photon loss. Moreover, we show a bitwise advantage over the previous protocol for producing the same raw key length.
Abstract Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a fundamental primitive of quantum network that enables multiple parties to securely share secret keys. Device-independent (DI) QSS offers the highest security by removing the assumptions on all experimental devices. However, the photon transmission loss and quantum state decoherence largely limit DI QSS’s secure photon transmission distance and experimental demonstration. For resisting above two obstacles, in this work, we propose a new DI QSS protocol that integrates two passive improvement strategies, the noiseless linear amplification (NLA) and entanglement purification. These passive strategies can completely eliminate the influence from photon transmission loss and improve entanglement distribution quality. In this way, DI QSS’s secure photon transmission distance can be extended to infinity in theory and its noise robustness can be largely enhanced (The threshold of the initial fidelity can be reduced from 85.71% to 65.75%). The NLA and EPP are based on linear optical elements, ensuring their experimental feasibility. We also introduce active improvement strategies in this DI QSS protocol, which can reduce its requirements on local experimental devices and further increase its noise robustness. The fidelity threshold can be further reduced to 59.73%. Our DI QSS protocol provides a possible solution for constructing DI multi-party long-distance quantum network.
Device-independent quantum secret sharing (DI QSS) relaxes security assumptions of experimental devices to provide the highest security level for QSS. Previous DI QSS protocols require to generate multi-partite entangled states and then implement the long-distance entanglement distribution. The extremely low generation probability of current multi-partite entanglement source and photon transmission loss largely limit DI QSS's practical key generation rate and secure photon transmission distance. In the paper, we propose a high-efficient long-distance DI QSS protocol based on practical nearly on-demand single-photon sources (SPSs), which adopts the single photons and heralded architecture to construct long-distance multi-partite entanglement channels. Our SPS DI QSS protocol can automatically eliminate the negative influence from photon transmission loss and largely increase the secure photon transmission distance. Moreover, we adopt active improvement strategies such as random key generation basis, postselection, and advanced postselection to further increase the practical key generation rate and lower the experimental requirement. Comparing with previous DI QSS protocols based on entanglement sources, our SPS DI QSS protocol can increase the practical communication efficiency by six orders of magnitude, and increase the secure photon transmission distance by at least 151 times. This SPS DI QSS protocol is feasible with the current experimental technologies. Our protocol makes it possible to realize high-efficient long-distance DI network in the near future.