Molecular Cell Biology A New Paradigm According to Quantum Biology

Masanari Asano, Masanori Ohya, Yoshiharu Tanaka +3 more

Steen H. Ingwersen, Peter Alsted Pedersen

Hafiz Md. Hasan Babu

In order to create two new computing processes that can be referred to as quantum molecular biology, these two computing systems can be combined. Quantum-DNA computing and DNA-quantum computing are also components of this quantum molecular biology. This chapter explains how DNA computing constructs the operations for multi-valued systems. The study of molecular biology is concerned with nucleic acids and proteins–macromolecules that are critical to biological processes–and how they interact and behave within cells. Quantum molecular biology is the field of study that investigates processes in living organisms that cannot be accurately described by the classical laws of physics. So, quantum molecular biology is a kind of computing technology which can be quantum-DNA computing or DNA-quantum computing. It also presents the ternary logic in the DNA computing system, that means establishing basic gates and fundamental operations in the ternary system.

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• Overcoming existing limitations of ultra-low temperatures and silicon bases by utilizing 3-nanometer (nm) fluorescent proteins as qubits. • Successful control of quantum states (Rabi oscillations) within E. coli at room temperature and human cells. • Enabling ultra-precise measurement of magnetic fields and temperatures inside cells... Heralding a paradigm shift in new drug development and cell imaging technologies. [Quantum Biology Society] The long-standing conventional wisdom that quantum technology can only be realized at cryogenic temperatures based on hard, highly ordered materials like diamonds or silicon has been broken. Biological quantum bits (qubits) that operate directly inside the watery and complex biological environment—that is, inside 'living cells'—have been developed for the first time in the world. Citing a study recently published in the international academic journal Nature, the US-based Science News reported that scientists have created biological qubits merely 3 nanometers (nm) in diameter using fluorescent proteins. ■ Controlling Quantum Mechanics with Biotechnology Tools Existing quantum technologies require extremely cold temperatures and strictly controlled environments, making them difficult to apply to unstable settings like the inside of living organisms. However, the research team chose to manipulate the spin of the 'fluorophore,' a specific part of a protein that emits light when exposed to it. Using genetic engineering, the research team directly produced this protein inside laboratory cells. They then succeeded in awakening the quantum properties of the protein by shooting laser light at it, fine-tuning it with microwaves, and observing the luminescence phenomenon. ■ Qubits Operating at 'Room Temperature'... Reading the Microenvironment of Diseases The most surprising achievement is the temperature of the experimental environment. Unlike the majority of qubits that lose their function at high temperatures, this biological qubit successfully demonstrated quantum state changes called 'Rabi oscillations' inside human cells at 175 Kelvin (-98.15°C), as well as inside E. coli at room temperature. This technological leap signifies the birth of 'biological quantum sensors' that can measure microscopic conditions such as magnetic fields and temperatures inside cells with unprecedented precision. It is expected to enable a new dimension of medical imaging technology and targeting by allowing the root causes of diseases to be identified at the intracellular molecular level. Amidst recent active academic movements in South Korea to integrate quantum mechanics into life phenomena, centered around the Quantum Biology Society, this study is also providing great inspiration for R&D strategies in the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. In particular, such quantum sensing technology, which can precisely target and measure the microenvironment inside cells, could become a powerful key to maximizing the value of innovative pipelines in the future. Fluorescent proteins, which have been used for decades in biology labs to track proteins and cancer cells, are now wearing the clothes of quantum mechanics and opening a new era of quantum biology.

Michael Bordonaro, Vasily V. Ogryzko

Hafiz Md. Hasan Babu

Molecular biology is the field of science concerned with studying the chemical structures and processes of biological phenomena that involve the basic units of life and molecules. The field of molecular biology is focused especially on nucleic acids and proteins, these molecules interact and behave within cells. Molecular biology emerged in the 1930s. When quantum computing combines with this DNA computing to form a new computing process, it is quantum molecular biology. This chapter discusses another form of quantum molecular biology with multi-valued logic. It describes multi-valued arithmetic circuits in DNA-quantum circuits. The system was divided into four parts. The first part contained the DNA system, then a DNA cache memory where the DNA sequences were stored, then the data conversion unit to convert the DNA information into qubits, and the last part was the quantum system.