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Coherent control of photon pairs via quantum nonlinear interference of SPDC and SFWM in a ring resonator

Stefano Azzini, S. E. Fontaine, John E. Sipe, Marco Liscidini

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate an optical analogue of quantum coherent control, where indistinguishable photon pairs from SPDC and SFWM interfere in a microring resonator, enabling phase-dependent modulation of generation rates and spectral correlations.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2026.fth4b.6

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The future of integrated quantum photonics relies heavily on the ability to engineer refined methods for preparing the quantum states needed to implement various quantum protocols. An important example of such states is quantum-correlated photon pairs, which can be efficiently generated using spontaneous nonlinear processes in integrated microring-resonator structures. In this work, we propose a method for generating spectrally unentangled photon pairs from a standard microring resonator. The method utilizes interference between a primary and a delayed secondary pump pulse to effectively increase the pump spectral width inside the cavity. This enables on-chip generation of heralded single photons with state purities in excess of 99% without spectral filtering.
Most modern quantum light sources are based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in bulk non-linear crystals, with strict phase-matching requirements that limit their design flexibility and the range of two-photon states produced. Recent research has focused on generating quantum light via SPDC with metasurfaces [1], i.e. array of nanoresonators with sub-wavelength dimensions. At this scale, SPDC becomes independent of phase matching, allowing the use of materials with greater nonlinear susceptibility and enabling efficient photon generation with tailored properties for the angular and spectral distribution and polarization.
Nonlinear optics underpins quantum photonics by enabling the generation and control of quantum states of light. We present new applications of optical resonators as mode selectors in nonlinear processes. First, we show that cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion can generate spectrally uncorrelated photon pairs with improved decorrelation and wavelength flexibility. Second, we demonstrate that a cavity-assisted sum-frequency generation process realizes a quantum pulse gate with high-resolution temporal-mode selectivity and precise spectral control. Our theoretical framework provides a general methodology for analyzing cavity-enhanced nonlinear processes and highlights the versatility of optical resonators as powerful tools for engineering quantum light.