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International Conference on Communications

Quantum-Based Broadband Integrated Sensing and Communication with Rydberg Atomic Receiver

Minze Chen, Tianqi Mao, Zhiao Zhu, Wei Xiao, Zhaocheng Wang, Dezhi Zheng

Published May 24, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/icc59461.2026.11587688

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The RYDberg Atomic Receiver (RYDAR) has been demonstrated to surmount the limitation on both the sensitivity and operating bandwidth of the classical electronic counterpart, which can theoretically detect indiscernible electric signals below -174 dBm/Hz with optical measurement through Rydberg-state atoms. Such miracle has established a new quantum-based paradigm for communications and sensing, which motivates a revolution of the transceiver design philosophies to fully unleash the potential of RYDAR towards next-generation networks. Against this background, this article provides an extensive investigation of Rydberg atomic communications and sensing from theory to hardware implementations. Specifically, we highlight the great opportunities from the hybridization between the RYDAR and the cutting- edge integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), followed by essential preliminaries of the quantum-based receiver. Then we propose a theoretical framework for broadband ISAC based on RYDAR, demonstrated by the proof-of-concept experiments. Afterwards, the enabling technologies for the ISAC framework are explored ranging from channel characterization, waveform design to array-based receiver configurations, where the open problems are also summarized. Finally, the future applications of RYDAR-based ISAC are envisioned, indicating its significant potential for both civilian and military purposes.
Resonant structures provide a promising approach to significantly enhance the sensing sensitivity of Rydberg atomic receivers. However, conventional resonators predominantly operate at fixed frequencies, thereby constraining the intrinsic broadband response capabilities of Rydberg atoms. This study introduces a broadband frequency reconfigurable resonator (BFRR) engineered to augment sensitivity while preserving the broadband characteristics of atomic receivers. By employing varactor diodes to dynamically adjust equivalent capacitance and PIN diodes to selectively activate distinct inductive branches, the BFRR achieves continuous electronic tuning from 231 to 586 MHz, corresponding to a relative bandwidth of 86.9%. Inoff-resonant atomic heterodyne configurations, the integration of the BFRR enhances sensitivity by nearly two orders of magnitude across the tuning range, attaining a sensitivity of 30.4 (nV/cm)/Hz\sqrt{\text {H}z}Hz​at 564.2 MHz. This advancement significantly improves both the sensitivity and broadband adaptability of Rydberg atomic receivers, thereby offering essential support for progress in quantum electrometry.
Rydberg atomic quantum receivers (RAQRs) are emerging quantum precision sensing platforms designed for receiving radio frequency (RF) signals. It relies on the creation of Rydberg atoms from normal atoms by exciting one or more electrons to a very high energy level, thereby making the atom sensitive to RF signals. RAQRs realize RF-to-optical conversions based on atom-light interactions relying on the so-called electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler- Townes splitting (ATS) so that the desired RF signal can be read out optically. The large dipole moments of Rydberg atoms associated with rich choices of Rydberg states facilitate an ultra-high sensitivity (~nv⁄cm/√Hz) and an ultra-broadband tunability (direct-current to Terahertz). RAQRs also exhibit compelling scalability and lend themselves to the construction of innovative, compact receivers. Initial experimental studies have demonstrated their capabilities in classical wireless communications and sensing. To fully harness their potential in a wide variety of applications, we commence by outlining the underlying fundamentals of Rydberg atoms, followed by the principles and schemes of RAQRs. Then, we overview the state-of-the-art studies from both physics and communication societies. Furthermore, we conceive Rydberg atomic quantum single-input single-output (RAQ-SISO) and multiple-input multiple- output (RAQ-MIMO) schemes to facilitate the integration of RAQRs with classical wireless systems. Finally, we conclude with a set of potent research directions.