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Hybrid cryptography: running classical and post-quantum together during the transition

Micky Irons

Published Jul 12, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Hybrid cryptography runs a classical and a post-quantum algorithm together during the migration, so a record stays secure if either one is broken. Standards bodies recommend it because a flaw in a young post-quantum scheme and a future quantum computer are both survivable.Originally published at https://mickai.co.uk/articles/hybrid-cryptography-classical-and-post-quantum-together. Mickai is a Sovereign Intelligence Operating System; the Open Audit Record signs every artificial intelligence action before it executes, post-quantum and offline-verifiable. 104 filed UK patent applications, Mickai LTD (Companies House 17166618).

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.21345221

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Hybrid cryptography runs a classical and a post-quantum algorithm together during the migration, so a record stays secure if either one is broken. Standards bodies recommend it because a flaw in a young post-quantum scheme and a future quantum computer are both survivable.Originally published at https://mickai.co.uk/articles/hybrid-cryptography-classical-and-post-quantum-together. Mickai is a Sovereign Intelligence Operating System; the Open Audit Record signs every artificial intelligence action before it executes, post-quantum and offline-verifiable. 104 filed UK patent applications, Mickai LTD (Companies House 17166618).
Migrate post-quantum as a sequence, not a scramble: inventory every use of cryptography, prioritise long-lived records, sign new records with FIPS 204 or 205, run hybrid across the transition, build crypto-agility with algorithm identifiers, then move sensitive records into a sovereign air-gapped ledger.Originally published at https://mickai.co.uk/articles/post-quantum-migration-a-cio-sequence-from-inventory-to-air-gap. Mickai is a Sovereign Intelligence Operating System; the Open Audit Record signs every artificial intelligence action before it executes, post-quantum and offline-verifiable. 104 filed UK patent applications, Mickai LTD (Companies House 17166618).
Mickai is a sovereign intelligence operating system that regulated firms own and run inside their own walls, air gapped, with every consequential action signed under post-quantum cryptography and hash-chained into a record anyone can verify offline for decades.Originally published at https://mickai.co.uk/articles/post-quantum-from-the-ground-up. Mickai is a Sovereign Intelligence Operating System; the Open Audit Record signs every artificial intelligence action before it executes, post-quantum and offline-verifiable. Mickai LTD (Companies House 17166618).
Q-Day is the day a quantum computer can break today's public-key cryptography. You prepare an AI system by inventorying your cryptography, signing new records with post-quantum signatures, running hybrid schemes, building crypto-agility, and re-signing long-lived data before that day arrives.Originally published at https://mickai.co.uk/articles/what-is-q-day-and-how-do-you-prepare-ai-for-it. Mickai is a Sovereign Intelligence Operating System; the Open Audit Record signs every artificial intelligence action before it executes, post-quantum and offline-verifiable. 104 filed UK patent applications, Mickai LTD (Companies House 17166618).
Harvest-now-decrypt-later is now an operational assumption, with official warnings that it is already happening and the NCSC mandating PQC migration by 2031 and 2035. An audit record signed under classical cryptography today is forgeable once a quantum adversary arrives. Mickai signs the Open Audit Record under FIPS 204 ML-DSA-65 today, so records stay verifiable past Q-Day, ahead of the deadlines.Originally published at https://mickai.co.uk/articles/signing-today-for-a-verifier-in-2035. Mickai is a Sovereign Intelligence Operating System; the Open Audit Record signs every artificial intelligence action before it executes, post-quantum and offline-verifiable. 101 filed UK patent applications, Mickai LTD (Companies House 17166618).
Nobody can name the year a cryptographically relevant quantum computer arrives, and estimates diverge widely. Today's noisy machines are far from the stable logical qubits Shor needs, but long-lived data must be protected now because attackers harvest it today.Originally published at https://mickai.co.uk/articles/how-close-is-a-cryptographically-relevant-quantum-computer. Mickai is a Sovereign Intelligence Operating System; the Open Audit Record signs every artificial intelligence action before it executes, post-quantum and offline-verifiable. 104 filed UK patent applications, Mickai LTD (Companies House 17166618).
Government and defence secrets carry protection horizons measured in decades, the exact window a harvest-now-decrypt-later adversary targets. The fit is sovereign, air-gapped, post-quantum-signed systems that keep data offline and verifiable long after today's public-key encryption falls.Originally published at https://mickai.co.uk/articles/post-quantum-for-government-and-defence-classified-for-decades. Mickai is a Sovereign Intelligence Operating System; the Open Audit Record signs every artificial intelligence action before it executes, post-quantum and offline-verifiable. 104 filed UK patent applications, Mickai LTD (Companies House 17166618).